ABP VNext + Apache Flink 实时流计算：打造高可用“交易风控”系统 🌐

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一、背景🚀

在金融 💰、电商 🛒、IoT 🌐 等高频交互系统中，越来越多的场景需要“实时发现问题并响应”。

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二、系统整体架构 🏗️

💡 图示展示了各组件之间的数据流向，实现消息解耦和高可用。

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三、实战展示 🛠️：交易行为告警系统

3.1 ABP 采集交易事件 📝

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Volo.Abp.EventBus;
using Volo.Abp.EventBus.Distributed;

public class TransactionCreatedDomainEvent : DomainEvent
{
    public Guid UserId { get; set; }
    public decimal Amount { get; set; }
    public string Location { get; set; }
}

public class TransactionCreatedHandler : IDistributedEventHandler<TransactionCreatedDomainEvent>
{
    private readonly IDistributedEventBus _eventBus;
    private readonly ILogger<TransactionCreatedHandler> _logger;

    public TransactionCreatedHandler(IDistributedEventBus eventBus,
                                     ILogger<TransactionCreatedHandler> logger)
    {
        _eventBus = eventBus;
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public async Task HandleEventAsync(TransactionCreatedDomainEvent eventData)
    {
        var eto = new TransactionCreatedEto
        {
            UserId = eventData.UserId,
            Amount = eventData.Amount,
            Location = eventData.Location,
            OccurredAt = Clock.Now
        };
        try
        {
            await _eventBus.PublishAsync(eto);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _logger.LogError(ex, "发布交易事件失败：{UserId}", eventData.UserId);
            throw;
        }
    }
}

CAP + Outbox 配置示例 💼

// appsettings.json
"Cap": {
  "UseEntityFramework": true,
  "UseDashboard": true,
  "Producer": {
    "Kafka": { "Servers": "localhost:9092" }
  },
  "Outbox": { "TableName": "CapOutboxMessages" }
}

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3.2 Flink CEP 模式与 Exactly-Once ⚡

import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.scala._
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.CheckpointingMode
import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaConsumer
import org.apache.flink.api.common.eventtime._
import org.apache.flink.contrib.streaming.state.RocksDBStateBackend
import org.apache.flink.cep.scala.pattern.Pattern
import org.apache.flink.cep.scala.CEP
import java.time.Duration

val env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment
env.enableCheckpointing(10000)
env.getCheckpointConfig.setCheckpointingMode(CheckpointingMode.EXACTLY_ONCE)
env.setStateBackend(new RocksDBStateBackend("file:///flink-checkpoints"))
env.getCheckpointConfig.setExternalizedCheckpointCleanup(
  ExternalizedCheckpointCleanup.RETAIN_ON_CANCELLATION)

val watermarkStrategy = WatermarkStrategy
  .forBoundedOutOfOrderness[Transaction](Duration.ofSeconds(5))
  .withTimestampAssigner((event, _) => event.timestamp.toEpochMilli)

val stream = env
  .addSource(new FlinkKafkaConsumer[Transaction]("transactions", deserializer, props))
  .assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(watermarkStrategy)

val pattern = Pattern.begin[Transaction]("first")
  .where(_.amount > 10000)
  .next("second")
  .where(new IterativeCondition[Transaction] {
    override def filter(event: Transaction, ctx: IterativeCondition.Context[Transaction]) = {
      val first = ctx.getEventsForPattern("first").iterator().next()
      event.location != first.location
    }
  })
  .within(Time.minutes(5))

pattern.handleTimeout(new PatternTimeoutFunction[Transaction, Unit] {
  override def timeout(map: java.util.Map[String, java.util.List[Transaction]], timestamp: Long, out: Collector[Unit]): Unit = {
    // 超时清理逻辑
  }
}, Time.minutes(5))

💡 建议全链路使用 Schema Registry 管理消息格式，防止兼容性问题。

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3.3 Redis Stream + SignalR 实时推送 🔔

using System;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using StackExchange.Redis;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR;

public class RiskAlertWorker : BackgroundService
{
    private readonly IConnectionMultiplexer _redis;
    private readonly IHubContext<RiskAlertHub> _hubContext;
    private readonly ILogger<RiskAlertWorker> _logger;

    public RiskAlertWorker(IConnectionMultiplexer redis,
                           IHubContext<RiskAlertHub> hubContext,
                           ILogger<RiskAlertWorker> logger)
    {
        _redis = redis;
        _hubContext = hubContext;
        _logger = logger;
    }

    protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
    {
        var db = _redis.GetDatabase();
        try { await db.StreamCreateConsumerGroupAsync("risk-alerts", "alert-group", "$", true); }
        catch { /* 忽略 BUSYGROUP */ }

        int backoff = 1000;
        while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            try
            {
                var entries = await db.StreamReadGroupAsync(
                    "risk-alerts", "alert-group", "consumer-1",
                    count: 10, flags: CommandFlags.Block(5000));

                foreach (var entry in entries)
                {
                    var alert = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<RiskEventDto>(entry["data"]!);
                    await _hubContext.Clients.Group(alert.UserId.ToString())
                               .SendAsync("ReceiveAlert", alert, stoppingToken);
                    await db.StreamAcknowledgeAsync("risk-alerts", "alert-group", entry.Id);
                }
                backoff = 1000;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                _logger.LogError(ex, "处理 Redis 告警失败");
                await Task.Delay(backoff, stoppingToken);
                backoff = Math.Min(backoff * 2, 16000);
            }
        }
    }
}

[Authorize]
public class RiskAlertHub : Hub { }

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四、生产级部署和监控 📈

组件	推荐配置
ABP 后端	Pod 存活/就绪探针 ✅ + HTTPS 🔒 + Serilog→Elasticsearch Sink 📝 + CAP Outbox
Kafka	enable.idempotence=true 🔁, acks=all ✅, TLS/SASL 🔐
Flink	RocksDBStateBackend ⚙️ + EXACTLY_ONCE ⚡ + State TTL 🕒 + HA 🌟
Redis	Redis Cluster 🔄 + AOF 📝 + ACL 🔑 + 阻塞消费 ⏳
PostgreSQL	主从流复制 🛠️ + WAL 日志 📜 + TimescaleDB 插件 📊
SignalR	Azure SignalR ☁️ / Redis Backplane 🔄 + JWT 鉴权 🔏

# Flink YAML 示例
state.backend: rocksdb
checkpointing:
  interval: 10s
  mode: EXACTLY_ONCE
  externalized-checkpoint-retention: RETAIN_ON_CANCELLATION

# Flink Prometheus Reporter
metrics.reporters: prom
metrics.reporter.prom.class: org.apache.flink.metrics.prometheus.PrometheusReporter
metrics.reporter.prom.port: 9250

📊 在 Grafana 中可视化：Kafka TPS、Flink 延迟分位、Redis 消费速率、ABP 请求成功率/错误率。

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五、自动化测试 🧪

// Testcontainers 启动依赖
var kafka = new KafkaContainer().StartAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
var redis = new RedisContainer().StartAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
var postgres = new PostgreSqlContainer().StartAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();

// 注入到 ABP 测试模块
context.Services.Configure<CapOptions>(opts => {
    opts.ProducerConnectionString = kafka.GetBootstrapAddress();
    opts.OutboxTableName = "CapOutboxMessages";
});

// Flink MiniCluster
var flinkCluster = new MiniClusterWithClientResource(
    new MiniClusterResourceConfiguration.Builder().Build());
flinkCluster.Start();

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