在 Jetpack Compose 应用中更新语言需要结合传统的 Android 语言配置方法和 Compose 的重组机制。以下是完整的实现方案：

1. 创建语言管理类

object LocaleManager {
    private var currentLocale: Locale = Locale.getDefault()

    fun setLocale(context: Context, locale: Locale) {
        currentLocale = locale
        updateResources(context, locale)
        persistLocale(context, locale)
    }

    fun getCurrentLocale(): Locale = currentLocale

    private fun updateResources(context: Context, locale: Locale) {
        Locale.setDefault(locale)
        
        val resources = context.resources
        val configuration = Configuration(resources.configuration)
        
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            configuration.setLocale(locale)
            context.createConfigurationContext(configuration)
        } else {
            @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
            configuration.locale = locale
            resources.updateConfiguration(configuration, resources.displayMetrics)
        }
    }

    private fun persistLocale(context: Context, locale: Locale) {
        context.getSharedPreferences("AppPreferences", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
            .edit()
            .putString("app_language", locale.language)
            .apply()
    }

    fun getPersistedLocale(context: Context): Locale {
        val prefs = context.getSharedPreferences("AppPreferences", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
        val lang = prefs.getString("app_language", Locale.getDefault().language) ?: Locale.getDefault().language
        return Locale(lang)
    }
}

2. 创建可组合函数管理语言状态

@Composable
fun rememberLocaleState(context: Context): State<Locale> {
    val localeState = remember { mutableStateOf(LocaleManager.getPersistedLocale(context)) }
    
    DisposableEffect(Unit) {
        val listener = SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener { _, key ->
            if (key == "app_language") {
                localeState.value = LocaleManager.getPersistedLocale(context)
            }
        }
        
        val prefs = context.getSharedPreferences("AppPreferences", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
        prefs.registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(listener)
        
        onDispose {
            prefs.unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(listener)
        }
    }
    
    return localeState
}

3. 创建自定义 Activity

abstract class LocaleAwareComponentActivity : ComponentActivity() {
    override fun attachBaseContext(newBase: Context) {
        super.attachBaseContext(
            newBase.wrapWithLocale(LocaleManager.getPersistedLocale(newBase))
        )
    }
    
    private fun Context.wrapWithLocale(locale: Locale): Context {
        val configuration = Configuration(resources.configuration)
        
        return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            configuration.setLocale(locale)
            createConfigurationContext(configuration)
        } else {
            @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
            configuration.locale = locale
            resources.updateConfiguration(configuration, resources.displayMetrics)
            this
        }
    }
}

4. 在应用中使用

MainActivity.kt

class MainActivity : LocaleAwareComponentActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        
        setContent {
            val localeState = rememberLocaleState(this)
            
            // 使用DisposableEffect确保语言变更时更新Activity
            DisposableEffect(localeState.value) {
                onDispose { }
            }
            
            YourAppTheme(locale = localeState.value) {
                AppContent(localeState)
            }
        }
    }
}

主题设置

@Composable
fun YourAppTheme(
    locale: Locale = LocaleManager.getCurrentLocale(),
    content: @Composable () -> Unit
) {
    val context = LocalContext.current
    CompositionLocalProvider(
        LocalContext provides context.wrapWithLocale(locale),
        content = content
    )
}

private fun Context.wrapWithLocale(locale: Locale): Context {
    val configuration = Configuration(resources.configuration)
    
    return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
        configuration.setLocale(locale)
        createConfigurationContext(configuration)
    } else {
        @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
        configuration.locale = locale
        resources.updateConfiguration(configuration, resources.displayMetrics)
        this
    }
}

语言切换界面

@Composable
fun LanguageSwitcher(localeState: State<Locale>) {
    val context = LocalContext.current
    
    Column {
        val currentLocale = localeState.value
        
        Text("Current language: ${currentLocale.displayLanguage}")
        
        Button(onClick = { 
            LocaleManager.setLocale(context, Locale("en"))
            (context as? Activity)?.recreate()
        }) {
            Text("English")
        }
        
        Button(onClick = { 
            LocaleManager.setLocale(context, Locale("es"))
            (context as? Activity)?.recreate()
        }) {
            Text("Español")
        }
        
        Button(onClick = { 
            LocaleManager.setLocale(context, Locale("fr"))
            (context as? Activity)?.recreate()
        }) {
            Text("Français")
        }
    }
}

5. 完整应用结构示例

@Composable
fun AppContent(localeState: State<Locale>) {
    val context = LocalContext.current
    
    Scaffold(
        topBar = { TopAppBar(title = { Text(stringResource(R.string.app_name)) }) },
        content = { padding ->
            Column(modifier = Modifier.padding(padding)) {
                LanguageSwitcher(localeState)
                
                // 示例文本，会随语言变化
                Text(stringResource(R.string.hello_world))
            }
        }
    )
}

注意事项

1. Activity重启：在Compose中更改语言后，仍然需要调用activity.recreate()来完全刷新界面

2. 资源文件：确保在res/values-<language code>目录下有对应的翻译资源

3. 动态文本：对于动态生成的文本（如从API获取的），需要在代码中根据当前语言处理

4. 测试：特别注意测试不同Android版本的兼容性

5. 性能优化：频繁的语言切换可能会影响性能，考虑添加适当的防抖机制

这种方法结合了传统的Android语言配置和Compose的响应式特性，能够在保持良好用户体验的同时实现动态语言切换。

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