centos6下为Rstudio安装多版本R

news2025/7/29 6:33:39

之前的R版本太旧,不少包装不上,需要安装新版本的R:

R --version
R version 3.6.0 (2019-04-26) -- "Planting of a Tree"

于是下载最新版R:

因为没有证书,需要加上最后面的参数.

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/src/base/R-4/R-4.2.2.tar.gz --no-check-certificate

或者使用

yum install -y ca-certificates

第一次配制报错:

./configure --enable-R-shlib --prefix=/opt/R/R-4.2.2 --with-x=no
...
checking for readline/history.h... no
checking for readline/readline.h... no
checking for rl_callback_read_char in -lreadline... no
checking for main in -lncurses... no
checking for main in -ltinfo... no
checking for main in -ltermcap... no
checking for main in -ltermlib... no
checking for rl_callback_read_char in -lreadline... no
configure: error: --with-readline=yes (default) and headers/libs are not available

这是因为没有装readline这个包:

sudo yum install readline-devel
...
Running transaction
  Installing : ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64                   1/2 
  Installing : readline-devel-6.2-11.el7.x86_64                             2/2 
  Verifying  : readline-devel-6.2-11.el7.x86_64                             1/2 
  Verifying  : ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64                   2/2 

Installed:
  readline-devel.x86_64 0:6.2-11.el7                                            

Dependency Installed:
  ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4                                  

Complete!

然后继续配置:

./configure --enable-R-shlib --prefix=/opt/R/R-4.2.2 --with-x=no  --with-readline=yes --with-libpng=yes --with-blas
...
R is now configured for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu

  Source directory:            .
  Installation directory:      /opt/R/R-4.2.2

  C compiler:                  gcc -std=gnu11  -g -O2
  Fortran fixed-form compiler: gfortran  -g -O2

  Default C++ compiler:        g++ -std=gnu++11  -g -O2
  C++11 compiler:              g++ -std=gnu++11  -g -O2
  C++14 compiler:                 
  C++17 compiler:                 
  C++20 compiler:                 
  Fortran free-form compiler:  gfortran  -g -O2
  Obj-C compiler:	        

  Interfaces supported:        tcltk
  External libraries:          pcre2, readline, curl
  Additional capabilities:     PNG, JPEG, TIFF, NLS, ICU
  Options enabled:             shared R library, shared BLAS, R profiling

  Capabilities skipped:        cairo
  Options not enabled:         memory profiling

  Recommended packages:        yes

configure: WARNING: neither inconsolata.sty nor zi4.sty found: PDF vignettes and package manuals will not be rendered optimally

最后一段警告信息让人不爽. 这是latex的sty包没装,于是装一下:

wget http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/inconsolata.zip

unzip inconsolata.zip
Archive:  inconsolata.zip
   creating: inconsolata/
    ...
  inflating: inconsolata/tex/inconsolata.sty 
    ...

cp -R inconsolata/* /usr/share/texmf/

sudo yum install texlive

sudo texhash
texhash: Updating /usr/share/texlive/texmf/ls-R... 
texhash: Updating /usr/share/texlive/texmf-config/ls-R... 
texhash: Updating /usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/ls-R... 
texhash: Updating /usr/share/texlive/texmf-local///ls-R... 
texhash: Updating /usr/share/texlive/texmf-var/ls-R... 
texhash: Done.

然后再配置就不会有警告信息了:

./configure --enable-R-shlib --prefix=/opt/R/R-4.2.2 --with-x=no  --with-readline=yes --with-libpng=yes --with-blas
...
R is now configured for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu

  Source directory:            .
  Installation directory:      /opt/R/R-4.2.2

  C compiler:                  gcc -std=gnu11  -g -O2
  Fortran fixed-form compiler: gfortran  -g -O2

  Default C++ compiler:        g++ -std=gnu++11  -g -O2
  C++11 compiler:              g++ -std=gnu++11  -g -O2
  C++14 compiler:                 
  C++17 compiler:                 
  C++20 compiler:                 
  Fortran free-form compiler:  gfortran  -g -O2
  Obj-C compiler:	        

  Interfaces supported:        tcltk
  External libraries:          pcre2, readline, curl
  Additional capabilities:     PNG, JPEG, TIFF, NLS, ICU
  Options enabled:             shared R library, shared BLAS, R profiling

  Capabilities skipped:        cairo
  Options not enabled:         memory profiling

  Recommended packages:        yes

configuare 参数说明:

–enable-R-shlib 表示生成libR.so库，当需要进行gcc等编译的时候很重要，确保之后安装R-studio-server时会出现找不到"lib.so"文件的错误。

–with-readline=yes表示用于R shell条件下的调试优化

–with-libpng=yes表示可导出png图片

–with-blas表示优化R运算并生成libRblas.so库

–prefix 设定安装路径，否则make install会去安装到/usr/lib文件夹下，非root用户没有权限.

然后再

make
make install

最后将R指向新装的R

which R
sudo mv /usr/bin/R /usr/bin/R.3.6
ln -s /opt/R/R-4.2.2/bin/R /usr/bin/R
R

R version 4.2.2 (2022-10-31) -- "Innocent and Trusting"
Copyright (C) 2022 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)

Innocent and Trusting...ok....重启Rstudio...