1.下载及安装blackbox_exporter

下载安装包

wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.23.0/blackbox_exporter-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

mkdir /data
tar xf blackbox_exporter-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data/
cd /data
ln -s blackbox_exporter-0.23.0.linux-amd64/ blackbox_exporter

为blackbox_exporter创建启动文件

  vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service

[Unit]
Description=blackbox_exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/data/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter \
          --config.file=/data/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml \
          --web.listen-address=:9115
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl start blackbox_exporter.service 
systemctl enable blackbox_exporter.service

看到这个页面说明启动成功：通过IP:端口访问

2.修改配置文件设置监控内容

安装完成后会有默认配置文件模板，分别有http探测、tcp探测、grpc探测、ssh探测、irc探测和icmp探测等内容。
使用时可根据具体情况选择合适探测方式

modules:
  http_2xx:
    prober: http
  http_post_2xx:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: POST
  tcp_connect:
    prober: tcp
  pop3s_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - expect: "^+OK"
      tls: true
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: false
  grpc:
    prober: grpc
    grpc:
      tls: true
      preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
  grpc_plain:
    prober: grpc
    grpc:
      tls: false
      service: "service1"
  ssh_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - expect: "^SSH-2.0-"
      - send: "SSH-2.0-blackbox-ssh-check"
  irc_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - send: "NICK prober"
      - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"
      - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"
        send: "PONG ${1}"
      - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"
  icmp:
    prober: icmp
  icmp_ttl5:
    prober: icmp
    timeout: 5s
    icmp:
      ttl: 5

2.1.使用http方式作为探测

vim blackbox.yml

以下配置含义为：定义了一个名为http的http检测模块，超时时间为10s，探针验证的HTTP响应状态代码的为空数组，默认是200-299 。该探针使用的HTTP方法为GET，insecure_skip_verify: false 表示该探针不允许跳过TLS证书验证

modules:
  http:
    prober: http
    timeout: 10s
    http:
      valid_status_codes: []
      method: GET
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: false

systemctl restart blackbox_exporter

3.与prometheus集成

修改prometheus配置文件
```
  vim prometheus.yml
```

  - job_name: "blackbox"
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
    # 模块名需要与prober: http一致
      module: [http]
    static_configs:
    # 需要探测的域名
      - targets:
        - www.baidu.com
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.10.3:9115