Vue 核心技术与实战day07

1. vuex概述

2. 构建 vuex [多组件数据共享] 环境

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <h1>
      根组件
      - {{ title }}
      - {{ count }}
    </h1>
    <input :value="count" @input="handleInput" type="text">
    <Son1></Son1>
    <hr>
    <Son2></Son2>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Son1 from './components/Son1.vue'
import Son2 from './components/Son2.vue'
import { mapState } from 'vuex'
// console.log(mapState(['count', 'title']))

export default {
  name: 'app',
  created () {
    // console.log(this.$router) // 没配
    console.log(this.$store.state.count)
  },
  computed: {
    ...mapState(['count', 'title'])
  },
  data: function () {
    return {

    }
  },
  methods: {
    handleInput (e) {
      // 1. 实时获取输入框的值
      const num = +e.target.value
      // 2. 提交mutation，调用mutation函数
      this.$store.commit('changeCount', num)
    }
  },
  components: {
    Son1,
    Son2
  }
}
</script>

<style>
#app {
  width: 600px;
  margin: 20px auto;
  border: 3px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 3px;
  padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<template>
  <div class="box">
    <h2>Son1 子组件</h2>
    从vuex中获取的值: <label>{{ $store.state.count }}</label>
    <br>
    <button @click="handleAdd(1)">值 + 1</button>
    <button @click="handleAdd(5)">值 + 5</button>
    <button @click="handleAdd(10)">值 + 10</button>
    <button @click="handleChange">一秒后修改成666</button>
    <button @click="changeFn">改标题</button>

    <hr>
    <!-- 计算属性getters -->
    <div>{{ $store.state.list }}</div>
    <div>{{ $store.getters.filterList }}</div>

    <hr>
    <!-- 测试访问模块中的state - 原生 -->
    <div>{{ $store.state.user.userInfo.name }}</div>
    <button @click="updateUser">更新个人信息</button>
    <button @click="updateUser2">一秒后更新信息</button>

    <div>{{ $store.state.setting.theme }}</div>
    <button @click="updateTheme">更新主题色</button>
    <hr>
    <!-- 测试访问模块中的getters - 原生 -->
    <div>{{ $store.getters['user/UpperCaseName'] }}</div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'Son1Com',
  created () {
    console.log(this.$store.getters)
  },
  methods: {
    updateUser () {
      // $store.commit('模块名/mutation名', 额外传参)
      this.$store.commit('user/setUser', {
        name: 'xiaowang',
        age: 25
      })
    },
    updateUser2 () {
      // 调用action dispatch
      this.$store.dispatch('user/setUserSecond', {
        name: 'xiaohong',
        age: 28
      })
    },
    updateTheme () {
      this.$store.commit('setting/setTheme', 'pink')
    },
    handleAdd (n) {
      // 错误代码(vue默认不会监测，监测需要成本)
      // this.$store.state.count++
      // console.log(this.$store.state.count)

      // 应该通过 mutation 核心概念，进行修改数据
      // 需要提交调用mutation
      // this.$store.commit('addCount')

      // console.log(n)
      // 调用带参数的mutation函数
      this.$store.commit('addCount', {
        count: n,
        msg: '哈哈'
      })
    },
    changeFn () {
      this.$store.commit('changeTitle', '传智教育')
    },
    handleChange () {
      // 调用action
      // this.$store.dispatch('action名字', 额外参数)
      this.$store.dispatch('changeCountAction', 666)
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style lang="css" scoped>
.box{
  border: 3px solid #ccc;
  width: 400px;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 20px;
}
h2 {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
</style>

<template>
  <div class="box">
    <h2>Son2 子组件</h2>
    从vuex中获取的值:<label>{{ count }}</label>
    <br />
    <button @click="subCount(1)">值 - 1</button>
    <button @click="subCount(5)">值 - 5</button>
    <button @click="subCount(10)">值 - 10</button>
    <button @click="changeCountAction(888)">1秒后改成888</button>
    <button @click="changeTitle('前端程序员')">改标题</button>
    <hr>
    <div>{{ filterList }}</div>
    <hr>
    <!-- 访问模块中的state -->
    <div>{{ user.userInfo.name }}</div>
    <div>{{ setting.theme }}</div>
    <hr>
    <!-- 访问模块中的state -->
    <div>user模块的数据：{{ userInfo }}</div>
    <button @click="setUser({ name: 'xiaoli', age: 80 })">更新个人信息</button>
    <button @click="setUserSecond({ name: 'xiaoli', age: 80 })">一秒后更新信息</button>

    <div>setting模块的数据：{{ theme }} - {{ desc }}</div>
    <button @click="setTheme('skyblue')">更新主题</button>
    <hr>
    <!-- 访问模块中的getters -->
    <div>{{ UpperCaseName }}</div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapState, mapMutations, mapActions, mapGetters } from 'vuex'
export default {
  name: 'Son2Com',
  computed: {
    // mapState 和 mapGetters 都是映射属性
    ...mapState(['count', 'user', 'setting']),
    ...mapState('user', ['userInfo']),
    ...mapState('setting', ['theme', 'desc']),
    ...mapGetters(['filterList']),
    ...mapGetters('user', ['UpperCaseName'])
  },
  methods: {
    // mapMutations 和 mapActions 都是映射方法
    // 全局级别的映射
    ...mapMutations(['subCount', 'changeTitle']),
    ...mapActions(['changeCountAction']),

    // 分模块的映射
    ...mapMutations('setting', ['setTheme']),
    ...mapMutations('user', ['setUser']),
    ...mapActions('user', ['setUserSecond'])
    // handleSub (n) {
    //   this.subCount(n)
    // }
  }
}
</script>

<style lang="css" scoped>
.box {
  border: 3px solid #ccc;
  width: 400px;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 20px;
}
h2 {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
</style>

3. 创建一个空仓库

     //这里面存放的就是vuex相关的核心代码
    import Vue from 'vue'
    import Vuex from 'vuex

     //插件安装
    Vue.use(Vuex)

   //创建仓库（空仓库）
    const store = new Vuex.Store()

    //到处给main.js使用
    export dafault store

导入挂载：

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from '@/store/index'
console.log(store.state.count)

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
  render: h => h(App),
  store
}).$mount('#app')

验证是否导入成功

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <h1>
      根组件
      - {{ title }}
      - {{ count }}
    </h1>
    <input :value="count" @input="handleInput" type="text">
    <Son1></Son1>
    <hr>
    <Son2></Son2>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Son1 from './components/Son1.vue'
import Son2 from './components/Son2.vue'
import { mapState } from 'vuex'
// console.log(mapState(['count', 'title']))

export default {
  name: 'app',
  created () {
    // console.log(this.$router) // 没配
    console.log(this.$store.state.count)
  },
  computed: {
    ...mapState(['count', 'title'])
  },
  data: function () {
    return {

    }
  },
  methods: {
    handleInput (e) {
      // 1. 实时获取输入框的值
      const num = +e.target.value
      // 2. 提交mutation，调用mutation函数
      this.$store.commit('changeCount', num)
    }
  },
  components: {
    Son1,
    Son2
  }
}
</script>

<style>
#app {
  width: 600px;
  margin: 20px auto;
  border: 3px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 3px;
  padding: 10px;
}
</style>

4. 核心概念 - state 状态

// 这里面存放的就是 vuex 相关的核心代码
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import user from './modules/user'
import setting from './modules/setting'

// 插件安装
Vue.use(Vuex)

// 创建仓库
const store = new Vuex.Store({
  // 严格模式 (有利于初学者，检测不规范的代码 => 上线时需要关闭)
  strict: true,
  // 1. 通过 state 可以提供数据 (所有组件共享的数据)
  state: {
    title: '仓库大标题',
    count: 100,
    list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
  },

  // 2. 通过 mutations 可以提供修改数据的方法
  mutations: {
    // 所有mutation函数，第一个参数，都是 state
    // 注意点：mutation参数有且只能有一个，如果需要多个参数，包装成一个对象
    addCount (state, obj) {
      console.log(obj)
      // 修改数据
      state.count += obj.count
    },
    subCount (state, n) {
      state.count -= n
    },
    changeCount (state, newCount) {
      state.count = newCount
    },
    changeTitle (state, newTitle) {
      state.title = newTitle
    }
  },

  // 3. actions 处理异步
  // 注意：不能直接操作 state，操作 state，还是需要 commit mutation
  actions: {
    // context 上下文 (此处未分模块，可以当成store仓库)
    // context.commit('mutation名字', 额外参数)
    changeCountAction (context, num) {
      // 这里是setTimeout模拟异步，以后大部分场景是发请求
      setTimeout(() => {
        context.commit('changeCount', num)
      }, 1000)
    }
  },

  // 4. getters 类似于计算属性
  getters: {
    // 注意点：
    // 1. 形参第一个参数，就是state
    // 2. 必须有返回值，返回值就是getters的值
    filterList (state) {
      return state.list.filter(item => item > 5)
    }
  },

  // 5. modules 模块
  modules: {
    user,
    setting
  }
})

// 导出给main.js使用
export default store

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <h1>
      根组件
      - {{ $store.state.title }}
      - {{  $store.state.count }}
    </h1>
    <input :value="count" @input="handleInput" type="text">
    <Son1></Son1>
    <hr>
    <Son2></Son2>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Son1 from './components/Son1.vue'
import Son2 from './components/Son2.vue'
import { mapState } from 'vuex'
// console.log(mapState(['count', 'title']))

export default {
  name: 'app',
  created () {
    // console.log(this.$router) // 没配
    console.log(this.$store.state.count)
  },
  computed: {
    ...mapState(['count', 'title'])
  },
  data: function () {
    return {

    }
  },
  methods: {
    handleInput (e) {
      // 1. 实时获取输入框的值
      const num = +e.target.value
      // 2. 提交mutation，调用mutation函数
      this.$store.commit('changeCount', num)
    }
  },
  components: {
    Son1,
    Son2
  }
}
</script>

<style>
#app {
  width: 600px;
  margin: 20px auto;
  border: 3px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 3px;
  padding: 10px;
}
</style>

5. 核心概念 - mutations

第一：

第二：·

第三

如果说要同时传递好几个参数，可以包装成一个对象

6. 核心概念 - mutations - 练习

练习1：

练习2：

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <h1>
      根组件
      - {{ title }}
      - {{ count }}
    </h1>
    //1
    <input :value="count" @input="handleInput" type="text">
    <Son1></Son1>
    <hr>
    <Son2></Son2>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Son1 from './components/Son1.vue'
import Son2 from './components/Son2.vue'
import { mapState } from 'vuex'
// console.log(mapState(['count', 'title']))

export default {
  name: 'app',
  created () {
    // console.log(this.$router) // 没配
    console.log(this.$store.state.count)
  },
  computed: {
    ...mapState(['count', 'title'])
  },
  data: function () {
    return {

    }
  },
        //2
  methods: {
    handleInput (e) {
      // 1. 实时获取输入框的值
      const num = +e.target.value

          //4
      // 2. 提交mutation，调用mutation函数
      this.$store.commit('changeCount', num)
    }
  },
  components: {
    Son1,
    Son2
  }
}
</script>

<style>
#app {
  width: 600px;
  margin: 20px auto;
  border: 3px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 3px;
  padding: 10px;
}
</style>

7. 辅助函数 - mapMutations

8. 核心概念 - actions

9. 辅助函数 - mapActions

调用这个

10. 核心概念 - getters

<template>
  <div class="box">
    <h2>Son2 子组件</h2>
    从vuex中获取的值:<label>{{ count }}</label>
    <br />
    <button @click="subCount(1)">值 - 1</button>
    <button @click="subCount(5)">值 - 5</button>
    <button @click="subCount(10)">值 - 10</button>
    <button @click="changeCountAction(888)">1秒后改成888</button>
    <button @click="changeTitle('前端程序员')">改标题</button>
    <hr>
    <div>{{ filterList }}</div>
    <hr>
    <!-- 访问模块中的state -->
    <div>{{ user.userInfo.name }}</div>
    <div>{{ setting.theme }}</div>
    <hr>
    <!-- 访问模块中的state -->
    <div>user模块的数据：{{ userInfo }}</div>
    <button @click="setUser({ name: 'xiaoli', age: 80 })">更新个人信息</button>
    <button @click="setUserSecond({ name: 'xiaoli', age: 80 })">一秒后更新信息</button>

    <div>setting模块的数据：{{ theme }} - {{ desc }}</div>
    <button @click="setTheme('skyblue')">更新主题</button>
    <hr>
    <!-- 访问模块中的getters -->
    <div>{{ UpperCaseName }}</div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapState, mapMutations, mapActions, mapGetters } from 'vuex'
export default {
  name: 'Son2Com',
  computed: {
    // mapState 和 mapGetters 都是映射属性
    ...mapState(['count', 'user', 'setting']),
    ...mapState('user', ['userInfo']),
    ...mapState('setting', ['theme', 'desc']),
    ...mapGetters(['filterList']),
    ...mapGetters('user', ['UpperCaseName'])
  },
  methods: {
    // mapMutations 和 mapActions 都是映射方法
    // 全局级别的映射
    ...mapMutations(['subCount', 'changeTitle']),
    ...mapActions(['changeCountAction']),

    // 分模块的映射
    ...mapMutations('setting', ['setTheme']),
    ...mapMutations('user', ['setUser']),
    ...mapActions('user', ['setUserSecond'])
    // handleSub (n) {
    //   this.subCount(n)
    // }
  }
}
</script>

<style lang="css" scoped>
.box {
  border: 3px solid #ccc;
  width: 400px;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 20px;
}
h2 {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
</style>

11. 核心概念 - 模块 module (进阶语法)

第一：

// user模块
const state = {
  userInfo: {
    name: 'zs',
    age: 18
  },
  score: 80
}
const mutations = {
  setUser (state, newUserInfo) {
    state.userInfo = newUserInfo
  }
}
const actions = {
  setUserSecond (context, newUserInfo) {
    // 将异步在action中进行封装
    setTimeout(() => {
      // 调用mutation   context上下文，默认提交的就是自己模块的action和mutation
      context.commit('setUser', newUserInfo)
    }, 1000)
  }
}
const getters = {
  // 分模块后，state指代子模块的state
  UpperCaseName (state) {
    return state.userInfo.name.toUpperCase()
  }
}

export default {
  namespaced: true,
  state,
  mutations,
  actions,
  getters
}

// setting模块
const state = {
  theme: 'light', // 主题色
  desc: '测试demo'
}
const mutations = {
  setTheme (state, newTheme) {
    state.theme = newTheme
  }
}
const actions = {}
const getters = {}

export default {
  namespaced: true,
  state,
  mutations,
  actions,
  getters
}

第二：

法一：

法二：

第三

法一：

法2：

第四

法一：

法2：

第五

法一：

法二

12. 综合案例 - 购物车

1.

2

3

4

存储数据

渲染

<template>
  <div class="app-container">
    <!-- Header 区域 -->
    <cart-header></cart-header>

    <!-- 商品 Item 项组件 -->
    <cart-item v-for="item in list" :key="item.id" :item="item"></cart-item>

    <!-- Foote 区域 -->
    <cart-footer></cart-footer>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import CartHeader from '@/components/cart-header.vue'
import CartFooter from '@/components/cart-footer.vue'
import CartItem from '@/components/cart-item.vue'

import { mapState } from 'vuex'

export default {
  name: 'App',
  created () {
    this.$store.dispatch('cart/getList')
  },
  computed: {
    ...mapState('cart', ['list'])
  },
  components: {
    CartHeader,
    CartFooter,
    CartItem
  }
}
</script>

<style lang="less" scoped>
.app-container {
  padding: 50px 0;
  font-size: 14px;
}
</style>

<template>
  <div class="goods-container">
    <!-- 左侧图片区域 -->
    <div class="left">
      <img :src="item.thumb" class="avatar" alt="">
    </div>
    <!-- 右侧商品区域 -->
    <div class="right">
      <!-- 标题 -->
      <div class="title">{{ item.name }}</div>
      <div class="info">
        <!-- 单价 -->
        <span class="price">￥{{ item.price }}</span>
        <div class="btns">
          <!-- 按钮区域 -->
          <button class="btn btn-light" @click="btnClick(-1)">-</button>
          <span class="count">{{ item.count }}</span>
          <button class="btn btn-light" @click="btnClick(1)">+</button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'CartItem',
  methods: {
    btnClick (step) {
      const newCount = this.item.count + step
      const id = this.item.id

      if (newCount < 1) return

      this.$store.dispatch('cart/updateCountAsync', {
        id,
        newCount
      })
    }
  },
  //直接接收
  props: {
    item: {
      type: Object,
      required: true
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style lang="less" scoped>
.goods-container {
  display: flex;
  padding: 10px;
  + .goods-container {
    border-top: 1px solid #f8f8f8;
  }
  .left {
    .avatar {
      width: 100px;
      height: 100px;
    }
    margin-right: 10px;
  }
  .right {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex: 1;
    .title {
      font-weight: bold;
    }
    .info {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      .price {
        color: red;
        font-weight: bold;
      }
      .btns {
        .count {
          display: inline-block;
          width: 30px;
          text-align: center;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

.custom-control-label::before,
.custom-control-label::after {
  top: 3.6rem;
}
</style>

5

<template>
  <div class="goods-container">
    <!-- 左侧图片区域 -->
    <div class="left">
      <img :src="item.thumb" class="avatar" alt="">
    </div>
    <!-- 右侧商品区域 -->
    <div class="right">
      <!-- 标题 -->
      <div class="title">{{ item.name }}</div>
      <div class="info">
        <!-- 单价 -->
        <span class="price">￥{{ item.price }}</span>
        <div class="btns">
          <!-- 按钮区域 -->
          <button class="btn btn-light" @click="btnClick(-1)">-</button>
          <span class="count">{{ item.count }}</span>
          <button class="btn btn-light" @click="btnClick(1)">+</button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'CartItem',
  methods: {
    btnClick (step) {
      const newCount = this.item.count + step
      const id = this.item.id

      if (newCount < 1) return
//调用
      this.$store.dispatch('cart/updateCountAsync', {
        id,
        newCount
      })
    }
  },
  props: {
    item: {
      type: Object,
      required: true
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style lang="less" scoped>
.goods-container {
  display: flex;
  padding: 10px;
  + .goods-container {
    border-top: 1px solid #f8f8f8;
  }
  .left {
    .avatar {
      width: 100px;
      height: 100px;
    }
    margin-right: 10px;
  }
  .right {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex: 1;
    .title {
      font-weight: bold;
    }
    .info {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      .price {
        color: red;
        font-weight: bold;
      }
      .btns {
        .count {
          display: inline-block;
          width: 30px;
          text-align: center;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

.custom-control-label::before,
.custom-control-label::after {
  top: 3.6rem;
}
</style>

import axios from 'axios'
export default {
  namespaced: true,
  state () {
    return {
      // 购物车数据 [{}, {}]
      list: []
    }
  },
  mutations: {
    updateList (state, newList) {
      state.list = newList
    },
    // obj: { id: xxx, newCount: xxx }
    updateCount (state, obj) {
      // 根据 id 找到对应的对象，更新count属性即可
      const goods = state.list.find(item => item.id === obj.id)
      goods.count = obj.newCount
    }
  },
  actions: {
    // 请求方式：get
    // 请求地址：http://localhost:3000/cart
    async getList (context) {
      const res = await axios.get('http://localhost:3000/cart')
      context.commit('updateList', res.data)
    },
    // 请求方式：patch
    // 请求地址：http://localhost:3000/cart/:id值  表示修改的是哪个对象
    // 请求参数：
    // {
    //   name: '新值',  【可选】
    //   price: '新值', 【可选】
    //   count: '新值', 【可选】
    //   thumb: '新值'  【可选】
    // }
    async updateCountAsync (context, obj) {
      // 将修改更新同步到后台服务器
      await axios.patch(`http://localhost:3000/cart/${obj.id}`, {
        //count不能改
        count: obj.newCount
      })
      // 将修改更新同步到 vuex
      context.commit('updateCount', {
        id: obj.id,
        newCount: obj.newCount
      })
    }
  },
  getters: {
    // 商品总数量 累加count
    total (state) {
      return state.list.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.count, 0)
    },
    // 商品总价格 累加count * price
    totalPrice (state) {
      return state.list.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.count * item.price, 0)
    }
  }
}