这里以创建helloworld 为例。

Step 0:准备工作：

1. Install Visual Studio Code.

2. Install the C++ extension for VS Code. You can install the C/C++ extension by searching for 'c++' in the Extensions view (Ctrl+Shift+X).

Step 1: 创建工作目录 helloworld，并启动vscode

mkdir helloworld
cd helloworld
code .

Step 2: 工作目录helloworld 下会生成一个.vscode 文件夹，其中需要三个关键的配置文件：

• tasks.json (compiler build settings)
• launch.json (debugger settings)
• c_cpp_properties.json (compiler path and IntelliSense settings)

  （1）tasks.json stores build configurations.

The first time you run your program, the C++ extension creates tasks.json

例子如下

{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "type": "shell",
      "label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
      "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
      "args": ["-g", "${file}", "-o", "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"],
      "options": {
        "cwd": "/usr/bin"
      },
      "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      },
      "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
    }
  ]
}

（2）launch.json 存储 debug 配置信息

To create launch.json, choose Add Debug Configuration from the play button drop-down menu.

例子如下：

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "C/C++: g++ build and debug active file",
      "type": "cppdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": false,
      "MIMode": "gdb",
      "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb",
      "setupCommands": [
        {
          "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
          "ignoreFailures": true
        }
      ],
      "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build active file"
    }
  ]
}

From now on, the play button and F5 will read from your launch.json file when launching your program for debugging.

（3）c_cpp_properties.json  C/C++ configurations

If you want more control over the C/C++ extension, you can create a c_cpp_properties.json file, which will allow you to change settings such as the path to the compiler, include paths, C++ standard (default is C++17), and more.

You can view the C/C++ configuration UI by running the command C/C++: Edit Configurations (UI) from the Command Palette (Ctrl+Shift+P).

You only need to modify the Include path setting if your program includes header files that are not in your workspace or in the standard library path.例子如下：

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Linux",
      "includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**"],
      "defines": [],
      "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
      "cStandard": "c11",
      "cppStandard": "c++17",
      "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64"
    }
  ],
  "version": 4
}

 VS Code is now configured to use gcc on Linux. The configuration applies to the current workspace. To reuse the configuration, just copy the JSON files to a .vscode folder in a new project folder (workspace) and change the names of the source file(s) and executable as needed.

Ubuntu 下使用clang 作为vscode 的编译器，可参考如下链接进行设置：

How To Use clang With vscode On Ubuntu 20.04 | Robs Blog (rob-blackbourn.github.io)