- 使用ROLLUP操作产生求和值
- 使用CUBE操作产生
- 使用GROUPING函数确定该行值是由ROLLUP或者CUBE创建的
- 使用GROUPING SETS生成一个简单的结果集
[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$
[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Nov 18 10:19:05 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL>
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> conn scott/tiger@PDB1
Connected.
SQL>
SQL> show user
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> set pagesize 200
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> select * from emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 24-JAN-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 02-APR-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> select deptno,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
30 9400
10 8750
20 10875
SQL> select deptno,sum(sal) from emp having sum(sal)>9000 group by deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
30 9400
20 10875
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno,job;
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
20 MANAGER 2975
20 ANALYST 6000
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 CLERK 1300
30 SALESMAN 5600
10 MANAGER 2450
20 CLERK 1900
30 MANAGER 2850
30 CLERK 950
9 rows selected.
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno,job order by 1,2;
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
SQL> 带有ROLLUP和CUBE运算符的GROUP BY
- 带有ROLLUP或者CUBE的GROUP BY 会通过交叉参考列产生一个超级总计行
- ROLLUP分组生成一个结果集，包含有通常的分组行和求和值
- CUBE分组生成一个结果集，包含从ROLLUP里面的行和交叉表行。
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by rollup(deptno,job) order by 1,2;
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
30 9400
29025
13 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno,job
2 union all
3 select deptno,null,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno
4 union all
5 select null,null,sum(sal) from emp;
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
20 MANAGER 2975
20 ANALYST 6000
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 CLERK 1300
30 SALESMAN 5600
10 MANAGER 2450
20 CLERK 1900
30 MANAGER 2850
30 CLERK 950
30 9400
10 8750
20 10875
29025
13 rows selected.
SQL> rollup(a,b,c)
group by a
union all
group by a,b
union all
group by a,b,c
union all
total
cube(a,b,c)
group by aunion all
group by b
union all
group by c
union all
group by a,b
union all
group by a,c
union all
group by b,c
union all
group by a,b,c
union all
total
SQL>
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno,job
2 union all
3 select deptno,null,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno
4 union all
5 select null,null,sum(sal) from emp;
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1761893045
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 15 | 190 | 11 (19)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |
| 2 | HASH GROUP BY | | 11 | 165 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 14 | 210 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 4 | HASH GROUP BY | | 3 | 21 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 |
| 5 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 14 | 98 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 6 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 4 | | |
| 7 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 14 | 56 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by rollup(deptno,job) order by 1,2;
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 52302870
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 11 | 165 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | SORT GROUP BY ROLLUP| | 11 | 165 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP | 14 | 210 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL> GROUPING函数
SQL>
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal),grouping(deptno),grouping(job) from emp group by rollup(deptno,job);
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL) GROUPING(DEPTNO) GROUPING(JOB)
---------- --------- ---------- ---------------- -------------
10 CLERK 1300 0 0
10 MANAGER 2450 0 0
10 PRESIDENT 5000 0 0
10 8750 0 1
20 CLERK 1900 0 0
20 ANALYST 6000 0 0
20 MANAGER 2975 0 0
20 10875 0 1
30 CLERK 950 0 0
30 MANAGER 2850 0 0
30 SALESMAN 5600 0 0
30 9400 0 1
29025 1 1
13 rows selected.
SQL> SQL> select decode(grouping(deptno)||grouping(job),'01','Subtotal ' || deptno,'11','Total',deptno) deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by rollup(deptno,job);
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
------------------------------------------------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
Subtotal 10 8750
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
Subtotal 20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
Subtotal 30 9400
Total 29025
13 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> select decode(grouping(deptno)||grouping(job),'01','Subtotal ' || deptno,'11','Total',deptno) deptno,job,sum(sal),grouping(deptno),grouping(job) from emp group by rollup(deptno,job);
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL) GROUPING(DEPTNO) GROUPING(JOB)
------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------- ---------------- -------------
10 CLERK 1300 0 0
10 MANAGER 2450 0 0
10 PRESIDENT 5000 0 0
Subtotal 10 8750 0 1
20 CLERK 1900 0 0
20 ANALYST 6000 0 0
20 MANAGER 2975 0 0
Subtotal 20 10875 0 1
30 CLERK 950 0 0
30 MANAGER 2850 0 0
30 SALESMAN 5600 0 0
Subtotal 30 9400 0 1
Total 29025 1 1
13 rows selected.
SQL> 
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