文章目录
- 进程和线程
- 继承Thread类的方式实现多线程
- 设置和获取线程的名称
- 线程优先级 线程调度
- 控制线程
- 线程的生命周期
- 多线程的实现方式
- 案例--卖票
- 同步方法解决数据安全问题
- 线程安全的类
 
- Lock锁
- 生产者消费者模式
- 概述
- 案例
 
进程和线程

 
继承Thread类的方式实现多线程

 MyThread.java
package heima.多线程;
public class MyThread extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        for (int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            System.out.println(i);
        }
    }
}
package heima.多线程;
public class P1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyThread my1 = new MyThread();
        MyThread my2 = new MyThread();
//        my1.run();
//        my2.run();//1~99
        //void start():导致此现场开始执行;java虚拟机调用此线程的run方法
        my1.start();
        my2.start();//1~99
        
        //两者区别
        //run:相当于普通的调用
        //start:启动线程;然后由虚拟机调用此线程的run()方法
    }
}
设置和获取线程的名称

 MyThread.java
package heima.多线程;
public class MyThread extends Thread{
    public MyThread(){}
    public MyThread(String name){
        super(name);
    }
    @Override
    public void run(){
        for (int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            System.out.println(getName()+":"+i);
        }
    }
}
package heima.多线程;
public class P2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        MyThread my1 = new MyThread();
//        MyThread my2 = new MyThread();
        //1.void setName(String name):将此线程的名称更改位大于参数name
//        my1.setName("高铁");
//        my2.setName("飞机");
        //2.Thread(String name):带参构造方法--需要对MyThread内部进行修改
//        MyThread my1 = new MyThread("高铁");
//        MyThread my2 = new MyThread("飞机");
//
//        my1.start();
//        my2.start();
        //3.static Thread currentThread():返回对当前正在执行的线程对象的引用
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}
方法1和方法2的输出:
 
方法3的输出:
 
线程优先级 线程调度

 ThreadPriority.java
package heima.多线程;
public class ThreadPriority extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            System.out.println(getName()+":"+i);
        }
    }
}
//后面是输出
package heima.多线程;
public class P3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadPriority tp1 = new ThreadPriority();
        ThreadPriority tp2 = new ThreadPriority();
        ThreadPriority tp3 = new ThreadPriority();
        tp1.setName("高铁");
        tp2.setName("飞机");
        tp3.setName("汽车");
//        tp1.start();
//        tp2.start();
//        tp3.start();
        //public final int getPriority():返回此线程的优先级
//        System.out.println(tp1.getPriority());//5
//        System.out.println(tp2.getPriority());//5
//        System.out.println(tp3.getPriority());//5
//
//        //public final void setPriority(int newPriority):更改此线程的优先级
        tp1.setPriority(10000);//IllegalArgumentException
//        System.out.println(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//10
//        System.out.println(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);//1
//        System.out.println(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);//5
        //正确设置优先级
        tp1.setPriority(5);
        tp2.setPriority(10);
        tp3.setPriority(1);
        tp1.start();
        tp2.start();
        tp3.start();
    }
}
计算设置了优先级也同样还是有随机性,需要在次数较多的时候才能看到想要的效果
控制线程

- sleep
package heima.多线程.other;
public class ThreadSleep extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            System.out.println(getName()+":"+i);
            try {
                //sleep使三人轮流抢到cpu时间,看上去更加和谐
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }catch (InterruptedException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
package heima.多线程;
import heima.多线程.other.ThreadSleep;
public class P4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadSleep ts1 = new ThreadSleep();
        ThreadSleep ts2 = new ThreadSleep();
        ThreadSleep ts3 = new ThreadSleep();
        ts1.setName("曹操");
        ts2.setName("刘备");
        ts3.setName("孙权");
        ts1.start();
        ts2.start();
        ts3.start();
    }
}
- join
package heima.多线程;
import heima.多线程.other.ThreadSleep;
public class P4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadSleep ts1 = new ThreadSleep();
        ThreadSleep ts2 = new ThreadSleep();
        ThreadSleep ts3 = new ThreadSleep();
        ts1.setName("曹操");
        ts2.setName("刘备");
        ts3.setName("孙权");
        ts1.start();
        //void join():等待这个线程死亡
        try{
            ts1.join();
        }catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        ts2.start();
        ts3.start();
    }
}

- setDaemon
package heima.多线程;
import heima.多线程.other.ThreadSleep;
public class P4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadSleep ts1 = new ThreadSleep();
        ThreadSleep ts2 = new ThreadSleep();
        ThreadSleep ts3 = new ThreadSleep();
        ts1.setName("关羽");
        ts2.setName("张飞");
        //设置主线程为刘备
        Thread.currentThread().setName("刘备");
        //设置守护线程
        ts1.setDaemon(true);
        ts2.setDaemon(true);
        ts1.start();
        ts2.start();
        for (int i = 0;i<10;i++){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+i);
        }
    }
}
线程的生命周期

多线程的实现方式


 MyRunnable.java
package heima.多线程.other;
public class MyRunnable implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+i);
        }
    }
}
package heima.多线程;
import heima.多线程.other.MyRunnable;
public class P5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建MyRunnable类的对象
        MyRunnable my = new MyRunnable();
        //创建Thread类的对象,吧MyRunnable对象作为构造方法的参数
        //Thread(Runnable target)
//    Thread t1 = new Thread(my);
//    Thread t2 = new Thread(my);
        //Thread(Runnable target,String name)
        Thread t1 = new Thread(my,"高铁");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(my,"飞机");
        //启动线程
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}
案例–卖票

package heima.多线程;
import heima.多线程.other.SellTicket;
public class P6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建SellTicket类的对象
        SellTicket st = new SellTicket();
        //创建三个Thread类的对象,把SellTicket对象作为构造方法的参数,并给出对应的窗口名称
        Thread t1 = new Thread(st,"窗口1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(st,"窗口2");
        Thread t3 = new Thread(st,"窗口3");
        //启动线程
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}
package heima.多线程.other;
public class SellTicket implements Runnable{
    //在SellTicket类中重写run()实现卖票
    private int tickets = 100;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if (tickets > 0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"正在出售第"+tickets+"张票");
                tickets--;
            }
        }
    }
}
- 卖票案例的改进


 way:
 
package heima.多线程.other;
public class SellTicket implements Runnable{
    //在SellTicket类中重写run()实现卖票
    private int tickets = 100;
    private Object obj = new Object();
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //加上代码锁,使每次只能进来一个对象
        synchronized (obj){
            while (true){
                if (tickets > 0){
                    try {
                        //让卖票动作更符合现实情况
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"正在出售第"+tickets+"张票");
                    tickets--;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

同步方法解决数据安全问题

详情请见 黑马P334
线程安全的类

 
Lock锁

package heima.多线程.other;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class SellTicket implements Runnable{
    //在SellTicket类中重写run()实现卖票
    private int tickets = 100;
    private Object obj = new Object();
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                lock.lock();
                if (tickets > 0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    }catch (InterruptedException e){
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"正在出售第"+tickets+"张票");
                    tickets--;
                }
            //最后使用finally,使得就算报错最后也可以关闭锁
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}
生产者消费者模式
概述

 
案例

- 步骤1:先创建好基本的框架
BoxDemo.java
package heima.生产者消费者;
public class BoxDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建奶箱对象,这是共享数据区域
        Box b = new Box();
        //创建生产者对象,把奶箱对象作为构造方法参数传递,因为在这个类中要调用存储牛奶的操作
        Producter p = new Producter(b);
        //创建消费者对象,把奶箱对象作为构造方法参数传递,以为在这个类中要调用获取牛奶的操作
        Customer c = new Customer(b);
        //创建两个线程对象,分别把生产者和消费者对象作为构造方法参数传递
        Thread t1 = new Thread(p);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(c);
        //启动线程
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}
Customer.java
package heima.生产者消费者;
public class Customer implements Runnable{
    private Box b;
    public Customer(Box b){
        this.b = b;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            b.get();
        }
    }
}
Producter.java
package heima.生产者消费者;
public class Producter implements Runnable{
    private Box b;
    public Producter(Box b){
        this.b = b;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 1;i<=5;i++){
            b.put(i);
        }
    }
}
Box.java
package heima.生产者消费者;
public class Box {
    //定义一个成员变量,表示第x瓶奶
    private int milk;
    //提供存储牛奶和获取牛奶的操作
    public void put(int milk){
        this.milk = milk;
        System.out.println("送奶工将第"+this.milk+"瓶奶放入奶箱");
    }
    public void get(){
        System.out.println("用户拿到第"+this.milk+"瓶奶");
    }
}
输出一直卡死在最后的第5瓶奶上:
 
- 步骤2
- 定义奶箱状态,并进行状态判断是否等待
- 等待需要配对对应的锁:synchronized
- 在等待的同步需要:唤醒其他等待的线程notifyAll
完整版
package heima.生产者消费者;
public class Box {
    //定义一个成员变量,表示第x瓶奶
    private int milk;
    //定义一个成员变量,表示奶箱的状态
    private boolean state = false;
    //提供存储牛奶和获取牛奶的操作
    public synchronized void put(int milk){
        //如果有牛奶,等待消费
        if (state){
            try {
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果没有牛奶,就生产牛奶
        this.milk = milk;
        System.out.println("送奶工将第"+this.milk+"瓶奶放入奶箱");
        //生产完毕之后,修改牛奶的状态
        state = true;
        //唤醒其他等待的线程
        notifyAll();
    }
    public synchronized void get() {
        //如果没有牛奶,等待生产
        if (!state) {
            try {
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果有牛奶,就消费牛奶
        System.out.println("用户拿到第" + this.milk + "瓶奶");
        //消费完毕之后,修改奶箱状态
        state = false;
        //唤醒其他等待的线程
        notifyAll();
    }
}
package heima.生产者消费者;
public class Producter implements Runnable{
    private Box b;
    public Producter(Box b){
        this.b = b;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 1;i<=5;i++){
            b.put(i);
        }
    }
}
package heima.生产者消费者;
public class Customer implements Runnable{
    private Box b;
    public Customer(Box b){
        this.b = b;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            b.get();
        }
    }
}
package heima.生产者消费者;
public class BoxDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建奶箱对象,这是共享数据区域
        Box b = new Box();
        //创建生产者对象,把奶箱对象作为构造方法参数传递,因为在这个类中要调用存储牛奶的操作
        Producter p = new Producter(b);
        //创建消费者对象,把奶箱对象作为构造方法参数传递,以为在这个类中要调用获取牛奶的操作
        Customer c = new Customer(b);
        //创建两个线程对象,分别把生产者和消费者对象作为构造方法参数传递
        Thread t1 = new Thread(p);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(c);
        //启动线程
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}



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