Spring Cloud Gateway集成Nacos实现负载均衡

news2025/7/15 9:22:40

💡Nacas可以用于实现Spring Cloud Gateway中网关动态路由功能，也可以基于Nacos来实现对后端服务的负载均衡，前者利用Nacos配置中心功能，后者利用Nacos服务注册功能。

接下来我们来看下Gateway集成Nacos实现负载均衡的架构图

一. 环境准备

1. 版本环境

Jdk: <java.version>1.8</java.version>

SpringBoot: <version>2.4.2</version>

SpringCloud: <spring.cloud.version>2020.0.1</spring.cloud.version>

SpringCloudAlibaba: <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.1</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>

2. 服务环境

spring-cloud-user-center : 独立用户服务（2个）

spring-cloud-gateway：独立的网关服务

二. 实战

创建用户服务

为了演示请求负载，将spring-cloud-user-center部署两份分别开放8005和8006端口

引入相关依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

yml配置

server:
  port: 8085

spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-user-center
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        ip: 127.0.0.1
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

编写测试类

测试类1

/**
 * @author gf
 * @date 2023/2/14
 */
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public String user(){
        log.info("hello Mr gateway,this is user server");
        return "hello Mr gateway,this is user server";
    }
}

重复以上1，2步骤重新创建一个服务，记得将配置文件中的端口号区分一下，然后

spring.application.name不变，依旧是spring-cloud-user-center。

测试类2

我们这里为了演示方便只是将之前的订单服务改造了一下，可以参考以下链接

SpringBoot整合Gateway+Nacos

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class OrderController {


    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public String getOrder(){
        log.info("hello Mr gateway,this is order server");
        return "hello Mr gateway,this is order server";
    }
}

启动类

由于我们要将服务注册倒注册中心，所以我们在以内nacos依赖后要在启动类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudUserCenterApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudUserCenterApplication.class, args);
    }

}

2.创建网关服务

引入相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.scg</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-nacos</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-gateway</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>2020.0.1</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.1</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--得不加上这个配置，不然会报503-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

配置yml文件


server:
  port: 8082
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway_server
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名进行路由
          enabled: true
          #开启小写验证，默认feign根据服务名查找都是用的全大写
          lowerCaseServiceId: true
      routes:
        - id: spring-cloud-user-center
          uri: lb://spring-cloud-user-center
          # 断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
          predicates:
            - Path=/user-center/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"