直接上代码#!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- PostgreSQL 数据字典生成器 (Python 3.11) 生成完全离线的 HTML 文件可直接双击在浏览器中打开。 import psycopg2 import datetime import os import sys from typing import List, Dict, Any # 数据库配置请根据实际情况修改 DB_CONFIG { host: 127.0.0.1, port: 5432, database: postgres, user: postgres, password: postgres } def get_tables_and_comments(conn) - List[Dict[str, str]]: 获取 public 模式下所有用户表及其注释 with conn.cursor() as cur: cur.execute( SELECT t.table_name, obj_description(c.oid, pg_class) AS table_comment FROM information_schema.tables t JOIN pg_class c ON c.relname t.table_name WHERE t.table_schema public AND t.table_type BASE TABLE ORDER BY t.table_name; ) return [ {TABLE_NAME: row[0], TABLE_COMMENT: row[1] or } for row in cur.fetchall() ] def get_columns_info(conn, table_name: str, table_schema: str public) - List[Dict[str, Any]]: 获取指定表的所有列详细信息 with conn.cursor() as cur: # 获取列注释使用 pg_* 系统表查询 cur.execute( SELECT a.attname, COALESCE(col_description(a.attrelid, a.attnum), ) FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute a JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class c ON c.oid a.attrelid JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid c.relnamespace WHERE n.nspname %s AND c.relname %s AND a.attnum 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped ORDER BY a.attnum; , (table_schema, table_name)) comments {row[0]: row[1] for row in cur.fetchall()} # 获取列基本信息 cur.execute( SELECT c.column_name, c.data_type, c.column_default, c.is_nullable, CASE WHEN c.column_default LIKE nextval(%% THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE END AS is_auto_increment FROM information_schema.columns c WHERE c.table_schema %s AND c.table_name %s ORDER BY c.ordinal_position; , (table_schema, table_name)) columns [] for row in cur.fetchall(): if row is None: continue col_name row[0] if len(row) 0 else columns.append({ COLUMN_NAME: col_name, COLUMN_TYPE: row[1] if len(row) 1 else , COLUMN_DEFAULT: row[2] if len(row) 2 else , IS_NULLABLE: row[3] if len(row) 3 else NO, IS_AUTO_INCREMENT: row[4] if len(row) 4 else False, COLUMN_COMMENT: comments.get(col_name, ) }) return columns def generate_offline_html(tables: List[Dict], db_name: str) - str: 生成完整的离线 HTML 内容 # 表清单 - 使用百分比宽度自动适应页面 table_list_html table border1 cellspacing0 cellpadding5 stylewidth:100%;table-layout:fixed;\n table_list_html colgroupcol stylewidth:8%col stylewidth:25%col stylewidth:67%/colgroup\n table_list_html theadtrth序号/thth表名/thth功能说明/th/tr/thead\ntbody\n for idx, tbl in enumerate(tables, 1): table_list_html f trtd{idx}/tdtd{tbl[TABLE_NAME]}/tdtd{tbl[TABLE_COMMENT]}/td/tr\n table_list_html /tbody\n/table\n # 字段详情 detail_html for tbl in tables: detail_html table border1 cellspacing0 cellpadding5 stylewidth:100%;table-layout:fixed;\n detail_html colgroupcol stylewidth:15%col stylewidth:12%col stylewidth:15%col stylewidth:8%col stylewidth:8%col stylewidth:42%/colgroup\n comment_part f - {tbl[TABLE_COMMENT]} if tbl[TABLE_COMMENT] else detail_html f captionb表名{tbl[TABLE_NAME]}{comment_part}/b/caption\n detail_html thead\n trth字段名/thth数据类型/thth默认值/thth允许非空/thth自动递增/thth备注/th/tr\n /thead\n tbody\n for col in tbl.get(COLUMNS, []): nullable_display 是 if col[IS_NULLABLE] YES else 否 auto_inc_display 是 if col[IS_AUTO_INCREMENT] else - detail_html ( f tr ftd{col[COLUMN_NAME]}/td ftd{col[COLUMN_TYPE]}/td ftd{col[COLUMN_DEFAULT]}/td ftd{nullable_display}/td ftd{auto_inc_display}/td ftd{col[COLUMN_COMMENT]}/td f/tr\n ) detail_html /tbody\n/table\nbr/\n # 完整 HTML now datetime.datetime.now().strftime(%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S) return f!DOCTYPE html html langzh-CN head meta charsetutf-8 title{db_name} 数据字典/title style body {{ font-family: 宋体, SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 20px; background: white; color: black; }} h1 {{ text-align: center; color: black; margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 16pt; }} .summary {{ text-align: center; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 11pt; }} table {{ border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 20px; page-break-inside: avoid; word-wrap: break-word; }} caption {{ text-align: left; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; color: black; padding: 6px 0; }} th, td {{ border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 5px 6px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; font-size: 11pt; word-wrap: break-word; }} thead th {{ background-color: #E0E0E0; font-weight: bold; }} .footer {{ text-align: left; margin-top: 20px; color: #666666; font-size: 11pt; }} /style /head body h1{db_name} 数据字典/h1 p classsummary生成时间{now}/p {table_list_html} br/ {detail_html} p classfooter总共{len(tables)} 个数据表/p /body /html def main(): try: print( 正在连接 PostgreSQL 数据库...) with psycopg2.connect(**DB_CONFIG) as conn: tables get_tables_and_comments(conn) print(f✅ 成功获取 {len(tables)} 张表) total_cols 0 for tbl in tables: cols get_columns_info(conn, tbl[TABLE_NAME]) tbl[COLUMNS] cols total_cols len(cols) html_content generate_offline_html(tables, DB_CONFIG[database]) # 生成带时间戳的文件名 timestamp datetime.datetime.now().strftime(%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) output_file f{DB_CONFIG[database]}_数据字典_{timestamp}.html with open(output_file, w, encodingutf-8) as f: f.write(html_content) abs_path os.path.abspath(output_file) print(f 数据字典已生成) print(f 文件路径: {abs_path}) print(f 共 {len(tables)} 张表{total_cols} 个字段) print(\n 提示双击该 HTML 文件即可在浏览器中查看) except psycopg2.Error as e: print(f❌ 数据库错误: {e}) sys.exit(1) except Exception as e: print(f 程序异常: {e}) import traceback traceback.print_exc() sys.exit(1) if __name__ __main__: main()效果如下图所示