用Ai学习wxWidgets笔记——在 VS Code 中使用 CMake 搭建 wxWidgets 开发工程

news2025/6/8 20:27:14

声明：本文整理筛选Ai工具生成的内容辅助写作，仅供参考

>> 在 VS Code 中使用 CMake 搭建 wxWidgets 开发工程

下面是一步步指导如何在 VS Code 中配置 wxWidgets 开发环境，包括跨平台设置（Windows 和 Linux）。

1. 准备工作

安装必要组件

安装 VS Code
安装 CMake 扩展（ms-vscode.cmake-tools）
安装 C++ 扩展（ms-vscode.cpptools）
安装 CMake（建议 3.10 或更高版本）

安装 wxWidgets

Windows:

# 使用 vcpkg 安装
vcpkg install wxwidgets

Linux (Ubuntu/Debian):

sudo apt-get install libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev

Ai生成不完整，安装方式有很多，这里推荐两篇关于 Linux 下的 wxWidgets 安装的文章：
1）wxWidgets 在 Linux 下开发环境配置 - Anonymous596 - 博客园
2）https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44211462/article/details/145368027 - link

2. 创建项目结构

my_wx_project/
├── .vscode/
│   ├── settings.json
│   └── cmake-kits.json (可选)
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── src/
│   ├── main.cpp
│   └── MyFrame.h
│   └── MyFrame.cpp
└── resources/
    └── app.rc (Windows)

3. 配置 CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(MyWxApp)

# 设置C++标准
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

# 查找wxWidgets包
find_package(wxWidgets REQUIRED COMPONENTS core base adv)

# 包含wxWidgets设置
include(${wxWidgets_USE_FILE})

# 添加可执行文件
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}
    src/main.cpp
    src/MyFrame.cpp
    src/MyFrame.h
)

# Windows特定设置
if(WIN32)
    # 添加资源文件
    if(EXISTS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/resources/app.rc")
        target_sources(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE "resources/app.rc")
    endif()
    
    # 设置为Windows应用程序（不显示控制台）
    set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES
        WIN32_EXECUTABLE TRUE
    )
endif()

# 链接wxWidgets库
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${wxWidgets_LIBRARIES})

# 包含目录
target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
    ${wxWidgets_INCLUDE_DIRS}
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src
)

# 安装目标
install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME} DESTINATION bin)

4. 配置 VS Code

.vscode/settings.json

{
    "cmake.configureSettings": {
        // Windows下使用vcpkg的wxWidgets
        "CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE": "C:/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake",
        
        // Linux下通常不需要特殊设置
        // 如果需要特定版本可以设置路径
        // "wxWidgets_ROOT_DIR": "/usr/local/wxWidgets-3.1.5"
    },
    "cmake.buildDirectory": "${workspaceFolder}/build",
    "C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
}

.vscode/cmake-kits.json (可选)

[
    {
        "name": "GCC",
        "compilers": {
            "C": "/usr/bin/gcc",
            "CXX": "/usr/bin/g++"
        }
    },
    {
        "name": "Windows MSVC",
        "visualStudio": "VisualStudio.16.2019",
        "visualStudioArchitecture": "x64"
    }
]

5. 示例代码

src/MyFrame.h

#ifndef MY_FRAME_H
#define MY_FRAME_H

#include <wx/wx.h>

class MyFrame : public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(const wxString& title);
    
private:
    void OnHello(wxCommandEvent& event);
    void OnExit(wxCommandEvent& event);
    void OnAbout(wxCommandEvent& event);
    
    wxDECLARE_EVENT_TABLE();
};

#endif

src/MyFrame.cpp

#include "MyFrame.h"

wxBEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame, wxFrame)
    EVT_MENU(wxID_HELLO, MyFrame::OnHello)
    EVT_MENU(wxID_EXIT, MyFrame::OnExit)
    EVT_MENU(wxID_ABOUT, MyFrame::OnAbout)
wxEND_EVENT_TABLE()

MyFrame::MyFrame(const wxString& title)
    : wxFrame(nullptr, wxID_ANY, title)
{
    wxMenu *menuFile = new wxMenu;
    menuFile->Append(wxID_HELLO, "&Hello...\tCtrl-H",
                     "Help string shown in status bar for this menu item");
    menuFile->AppendSeparator();
    menuFile->Append(wxID_EXIT);
    
    wxMenu *menuHelp = new wxMenu;
    menuHelp->Append(wxID_ABOUT);
    
    wxMenuBar *menuBar = new wxMenuBar;
    menuBar->Append(menuFile, "&File");
    menuBar->Append(menuHelp, "&Help");
    
    SetMenuBar(menuBar);
    
    CreateStatusBar();
    SetStatusText("Welcome to wxWidgets!");
}

void MyFrame::OnExit(wxCommandEvent& event)
{
    Close(true);
}

void MyFrame::OnAbout(wxCommandEvent& event)
{
    wxMessageBox("This is a wxWidgets Hello World example",
                 "About Hello World", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION);
}

void MyFrame::OnHello(wxCommandEvent& event)
{
    wxLogMessage("Hello world from wxWidgets!");
}

src/main.cpp

#include "MyFrame.h"

class MyApp : public wxApp {
public:
    virtual bool OnInit() {
        MyFrame *frame = new MyFrame("Hello World");
        frame->Show(true);
        return true;
    }
};

wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

6. Windows 资源文件 (resources/app.rc)

#include "wx/msw/wx.rc"

MyAppIcon ICON "app.ico"

7. 构建和运行

在 VS Code 中打开项目文件夹
按 Ctrl+Shift+P 并选择 CMake: Configure
选择工具链（Windows 上选择 MSVC，Linux 上选择 GCC）
按 Ctrl+Shift+P 并选择 CMake: Build
按 F5 调试运行

8. 调试配置

在 .vscode/launch.json 中添加：

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/MyWxApp",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "name": "(Windows) Launch",
            "type": "cppvsdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/Debug/MyWxApp.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "console": "externalTerminal"
        }
    ]
}