VTK 显示文字、图片及2D/3D图

1. 基本环境设置

首先确保你已经安装了VTK库，并配置好了C++开发环境。

#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>

2. 显示文字

2D文字

#include <vtkTextActor.h>
#include <vtkTextProperty.h>

void Show2DText() {
    // 创建渲染器和渲染窗口
    auto renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
    auto renderWindow = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
    renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
    
    // 创建交互器
    auto interactor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
    interactor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);
    
    // 创建文本actor
    auto textActor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkTextActor>::New();
    textActor->SetInput("Hello VTK!");
    
    // 设置文本属性
    auto textProperty = textActor->GetTextProperty();
    textProperty->SetFontSize(24);
    textProperty->SetColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); // 红色
    textProperty->SetJustificationToCentered();
    
    // 添加文本到渲染器
    renderer->AddActor2D(textActor);
    
    // 开始渲染
    renderWindow->Render();
    interactor->Start();
}

3D文字

#include <vtkVectorText.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>

void Show3DText() {
    auto renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
    auto renderWindow = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
    renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
    auto interactor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
    interactor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);
    
    // 创建3D文字
    auto textSource = vtkSmartPointer<vtkVectorText>::New();
    textSource->SetText("3D Text");
    
    // 创建mapper和actor
    auto mapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
    mapper->SetInputConnection(textSource->GetOutputPort());
    
    auto actor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
    actor->SetMapper(mapper);
    actor->GetProperty()->SetColor(0.0, 1.0, 0.0); // 绿色
    
    renderer->AddActor(actor);
    renderer->SetBackground(0.1, 0.2, 0.4); // 深蓝色背景
    
    renderWindow->Render();
    interactor->Start();
}

中文支持‌：需转换UTF-8编码并使用中文字体文件（如simsun.ttf）

3. 显示图片

2D图片

#include <vtkAutoInit.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkImageReader2Factory.h>
#include <vtkImageReader2.h>
#include <vtkImageActor.h>
#include <vtkImageMapper3D.h>

VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);       // OpenGL 渲染
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);       // 交互

void Show2DImage(const char* filename) {
    auto renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
    auto renderWindow = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
    renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
    auto interactor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
    interactor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);

    // 读取图片
    auto readerFactory = vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageReader2Factory>::New();
    auto reader = readerFactory->CreateImageReader2(filename);
    reader->SetFileName(filename);
    reader->Update();

    // 创建图片actor
    auto imageActor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor>::New();
    imageActor->GetMapper()->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort());

    renderer->AddActor(imageActor);
    renderer->ResetCamera();

    renderWindow->Render();
    interactor->Start();

    reader->Delete();
}

vtk头文件和库文件：

INCLUDEPATH += "C:/Program Files/VTK/include/vtk-8.2"
LIBS+= -L"C:/Program Files/VTK/lib"


# 必需的核心 VTK 库
LIBS += -lvtksys-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonColor-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonDataModel-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkFiltersCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkInteractionStyle-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingOpenGL2-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkViewsQt-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkGUISupportQt-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingAnnotation-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonExecutionModel-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkIOImage-8.2

4. 显示2D图形

#include <vtkAutoInit.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkPoints.h>
#include <vtkCellArray.h>
#include <vtkPolyData.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper2D.h>
#include <vtkActor2D.h>
#include <vtkProperty2D.h>

VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);       // OpenGL 渲染
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);       // 交互

void Show2DShape() {
    auto renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
    auto renderWindow = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
    renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
    auto interactor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
    interactor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);

    // 创建点
    auto points = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();
    points->InsertNextPoint(100, 100, 0);
    points->InsertNextPoint(200, 100, 0);
    points->InsertNextPoint(200, 200, 0);
    points->InsertNextPoint(100, 200, 0);

    // 创建多边形
    auto polygon = vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray>::New();
    polygon->InsertNextCell(5);
    polygon->InsertCellPoint(0);
    polygon->InsertCellPoint(1);
    polygon->InsertCellPoint(2);
    polygon->InsertCellPoint(3);
    polygon->InsertCellPoint(0);

    // 创建PolyData
    auto polygonPolyData = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData>::New();
    polygonPolyData->SetPoints(points);
    polygonPolyData->SetLines(polygon);

    // 创建mapper和actor
    auto mapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper2D>::New();
    mapper->SetInputData(polygonPolyData);

    auto actor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor2D>::New();
    actor->SetMapper(mapper);
    actor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); // 红色

    renderer->AddActor(actor);
    renderWindow->Render();
    interactor->Start();
}

vtk头文件和库文件：

INCLUDEPATH += "C:/Program Files/VTK/include/vtk-8.2"
LIBS+= -L"C:/Program Files/VTK/lib"


# 必需的核心 VTK 库
LIBS += -lvtksys-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonColor-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonDataModel-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkFiltersCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkInteractionStyle-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingOpenGL2-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkViewsQt-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkGUISupportQt-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingAnnotation-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingFreeType-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonExecutionModel-8.2

5. 显示3D图形

#include <vtkAutoInit.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkConeSource.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkProperty.h>

VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);       // OpenGL 渲染
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);       // 交互

void Show3DShape() {
    auto renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
    auto renderWindow = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
    renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
    auto interactor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
    interactor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);

    // 创建圆锥体
    auto cone = vtkSmartPointer<vtkConeSource>::New();
    cone->SetHeight(3.0);
    cone->SetRadius(1.0);
    cone->SetResolution(10);

    // 创建mapper和actor
    auto mapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
    mapper->SetInputConnection(cone->GetOutputPort());

    auto actor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
    actor->SetMapper(mapper);
    actor->GetProperty()->SetColor(0.2, 0.63, 0.79); // 蓝色

    renderer->AddActor(actor);
    renderer->SetBackground(0.1, 0.2, 0.4);
    renderer->ResetCamera();

    renderWindow->Render();
    interactor->Start();
}

vtk头文件和库文件：

INCLUDEPATH += "C:/Program Files/VTK/include/vtk-8.2"
LIBS+= -L"C:/Program Files/VTK/lib"


# 必需的核心 VTK 库
LIBS += -lvtksys-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonColor-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonDataModel-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkFiltersCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkInteractionStyle-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingOpenGL2-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkViewsQt-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkGUISupportQt-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingAnnotation-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonExecutionModel-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkFiltersSources-8.2

使用体绘制：

#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkMetaImageReader.h>
#include <vtkGPUVolumeRayCastMapper.h>
#include <vtkVolumeProperty.h>
#include <vtkColorTransferFunction.h>
#include <vtkPiecewiseFunction.h>
#include <vtkVolume.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>

void Show3DVolume(const char* filename) {
    // 创建渲染器和渲染窗口
    auto renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
    auto renderWindow = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
    renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
    auto interactor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
    interactor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);

    // 读取3D图像数据（如.mhd/.mha格式）
    auto reader = vtkSmartPointer<vtkMetaImageReader>::New();
    reader->SetFileName(filename);
    reader->Update();

    // 创建体积映射器
    auto volumeMapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkGPUVolumeRayCastMapper>::New();
    volumeMapper->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort());

    // 创建体积属性
    auto volumeProperty = vtkSmartPointer<vtkVolumeProperty>::New();
    volumeProperty->ShadeOn();
    volumeProperty->SetInterpolationTypeToLinear();

    // 设置颜色传输函数
    auto colorTransferFunction = vtkSmartPointer<vtkColorTransferFunction>::New();
    colorTransferFunction->AddRGBPoint(0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    colorTransferFunction->AddRGBPoint(500, 1.0, 0.5, 0.3);
    colorTransferFunction->AddRGBPoint(1000, 1.0, 1.0, 0.9);
    volumeProperty->SetColor(colorTransferFunction);

    // 设置不透明度传输函数
    auto opacityTransferFunction = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPiecewiseFunction>::New();
    opacityTransferFunction->AddPoint(0, 0.0);
    opacityTransferFunction->AddPoint(500, 0.1);
    opacityTransferFunction->AddPoint(1000, 0.3);
    volumeProperty->SetScalarOpacity(opacityTransferFunction);

    // 创建体积对象
    auto volume = vtkSmartPointer<vtkVolume>::New();
    volume->SetMapper(volumeMapper);
    volume->SetProperty(volumeProperty);

    // 添加到渲染器
    renderer->AddVolume(volume);
    renderer->SetBackground(0.1, 0.2, 0.4);
    renderer->ResetCamera();

    renderWindow->Render();
    interactor->Start();
}

使用固定平面切片显示：

#include <vtkImagePlaneWidget.h>

void Show3DVolumeWithSlices(const char* filename) {
    auto renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
    auto renderWindow = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
    renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
    auto interactor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
    interactor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);

    // 读取3D图像数据
    auto reader = vtkSmartPointer<vtkMetaImageReader>::New();
    reader->SetFileName(filename);
    reader->Update();

    // 创建三个切片平面（横断面、冠状面、矢状面）
    double* center = reader->GetOutput()->GetCenter();
    
    // 横断面
    auto planeWidgetX = vtkSmartPointer<vtkImagePlaneWidget>::New();
    planeWidgetX->SetInteractor(interactor);
    planeWidgetX->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort());
    planeWidgetX->SetPlaneOrientationToXAxes();
    planeWidgetX->SetSliceIndex(static_cast<int>(center[0]));
    planeWidgetX->DisplayTextOn();
    planeWidgetX->SetDefaultRenderer(renderer);
    planeWidgetX->On();

    // 冠状面
    auto planeWidgetY = vtkSmartPointer<vtkImagePlaneWidget>::New();
    planeWidgetY->SetInteractor(interactor);
    planeWidgetY->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort());
    planeWidgetY->SetPlaneOrientationToYAxes();
    planeWidgetY->SetSliceIndex(static_cast<int>(center[1]));
    planeWidgetY->DisplayTextOn();
    planeWidgetY->SetDefaultRenderer(renderer);
    planeWidgetY->On();

    // 矢状面
    auto planeWidgetZ = vtkSmartPointer<vtkImagePlaneWidget>::New();
    planeWidgetZ->SetInteractor(interactor);
    planeWidgetZ->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort());
    planeWidgetZ->SetPlaneOrientationToZAxes();
    planeWidgetZ->SetSliceIndex(static_cast<int>(center[2]));
    planeWidgetZ->DisplayTextOn();
    planeWidgetZ->SetDefaultRenderer(renderer);
    planeWidgetZ->On();

    renderer->SetBackground(0.1, 0.1, 0.1);
    renderWindow->SetSize(800, 600);
    renderWindow->Render();
    interactor->Start();
}

6. 在3D场景中添加文字标注

void Show3DSceneWithText() {
    auto renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
    auto renderWindow = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
    renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
    auto interactor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
    interactor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);
    
    // 创建3D对象（球体）
    auto sphereSource = vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource>::New();
    sphereSource->SetRadius(1.0);
    
    auto sphereMapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
    sphereMapper->SetInputConnection(sphereSource->GetOutputPort());
    
    auto sphereActor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
    sphereActor->SetMapper(sphereMapper);
    sphereActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    
    // 创建3D文字标注
    auto textSource = vtkSmartPointer<vtkVectorText>::New();
    textSource->SetText("Sphere");
    
    auto textMapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
    textMapper->SetInputConnection(textSource->GetOutputPort());
    
    auto textActor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
    textActor->SetMapper(textMapper);
    textActor->SetPosition(1.5, 0, 0);
    textActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
    
    // 添加所有对象到渲染器
    renderer->AddActor(sphereActor);
    renderer->AddActor(textActor);
    renderer->SetBackground(0.1, 0.1, 0.1);
    renderer->ResetCamera();
    
    renderWindow->SetSize(800, 600);
    renderWindow->Render();
    interactor->Start();
}

7. 完整流程示例

#include <vtkAutoInit.h>
#include <vtkDataSetMapper.h>
#include <vtkDoubleArray.h>
#include <vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkNamedColors.h>
#include <vtkNew.h>
#include <vtkPointData.h>
#include <vtkPoints.h>
#include <vtkPolyData.h>
#include <vtkProperty.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkScalarBarActor.h>
#include <vtkTriangle.h>
#include <vtkUnstructuredGrid.h>
#include <vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.h>
#include <vtkRendererCollection.h>
#include <vtkVectorText.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkTextActor.h>
#include <vtkTextProperty.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>

VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);       // OpenGL 渲染
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);       // 交互
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingFreeType);      // 关键：启用文字渲染

int main() {
  // 初始化渲染器、窗口
  vtkNew<vtkRenderer> renderer;
  vtkNew<vtkRenderWindow> window;
  window->AddRenderer(renderer);

  // 1. 添加3D文字
  vtkNew<vtkVectorText> text3D;
  text3D->SetText("3D Text");
  vtkNew<vtkPolyDataMapper> mapper;
  mapper->SetInputConnection(text3D->GetOutputPort());
  vtkNew<vtkActor> actor;
  actor->SetMapper(mapper);
  actor->SetPosition(0, 0, 0);
  renderer->AddActor(actor);

  // 2. 添加2D文字
  vtkNew<vtkTextActor> text2D;
  text2D->SetInput("2D Overlay");
  text2D->GetTextProperty()->SetFontSize(20);
  text2D->SetPosition(50, 50);  // 屏幕坐标
  renderer->AddActor2D(text2D);

  // 3. 启动交互
  vtkNew<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> interactor;
  interactor->SetRenderWindow(window);
  window->Render();
  interactor->Start();
}

vtk头文件和库文件：

INCLUDEPATH += "C:/Program Files/VTK/include/vtk-8.2"
LIBS+= -L"C:/Program Files/VTK/lib"


# 必需的核心 VTK 库
LIBS += -lvtksys-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonColor-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonDataModel-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkFiltersCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkInteractionStyle-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingCore-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingOpenGL2-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkViewsQt-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkGUISupportQt-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingAnnotation-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkRenderingFreeType-8.2
LIBS += -lvtkCommonExecutionModel-8.2

8. 混合2D/3D场景的关键技巧

‌坐标系区分‌：
- 2D元素（文字/图片）用AddActor2D
- 3D元素（模型/文本）用AddActor
‌位置控制‌：
- 2D元素：通过SetPosition设置屏幕坐标（范围0~1）
- 3D元素：通过SetPosition设置世界坐标

‌交互优化‌：

vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera> style = vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera>::New();
interactor->SetInteractorStyle(style);  // 启用3D交互模式