鸿蒙OS基于UniApp的WebRTC视频会议系统实践：从0到1的HarmonyOS适配之路#三方框架 #Uniapp

基于UniApp的WebRTC视频会议系统实践：从0到1的HarmonyOS适配之路

引言

在移动互联网时代，实时音视频通讯已成为各类应用的标配功能。本文将结合我在某大型企业协同办公项目中的实战经验，详细讲解如何使用UniApp框架开发一个支持鸿蒙系统的WebRTC视频会议系统。通过这个项目，我们不仅要实现跨平台的音视频通讯，更要探索如何充分利用HarmonyOS的原生能力，打造流畅的用户体验。

技术架构设计

1. 整体架构

在设计视频会议系统时，我们采用了以下技术栈：

前端框架：UniApp + Vue3 + TypeScript
信令服务器：Node.js + Socket.io
流媒体服务器：Mediasoup
网络穿透：TURN/STUN服务器
鸿蒙适配层：HMS Core Media Engine

2. 系统模块划分

project/
├── src/
│   ├── components/
│   │   ├── VideoPlayer.vue      # 视频播放组件
│   │   ├── AudioController.vue  # 音频控制组件
│   │   └── RoomControls.vue     # 会议室控制组件
│   ├── services/
│   │   ├── webrtc/
│   │   │   ├── connection.ts    # WebRTC连接管理
│   │   │   └── stream.ts        # 媒体流处理
│   │   └── signaling/
│   │       └── socket.ts        # 信令服务
│   └── platform/
│       └── harmony/
│           └── media-engine.ts  # 鸿蒙媒体引擎适配
└── server/
    ├── signaling/              # 信令服务器
    └── turn/                   # TURN服务器配置

核心功能实现

1. WebRTC连接管理

首先，让我们实现WebRTC连接管理类：

// services/webrtc/connection.ts
export class RTCConnectionManager {
    private peerConnections: Map<string, RTCPeerConnection> = new Map();
    private localStream: MediaStream | null = null;
    
    constructor(private signaling: SignalingService) {
        this.initSignalingHandlers();
    }
    
    async initLocalStream() {
        try {
            // 针对鸿蒙系统的特殊处理
            if (uni.getSystemInfoSync().platform === 'harmony') {
                this.localStream = await this.initHarmonyStream();
            } else {
                this.localStream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
                    video: true,
                    audio: true
                });
            }
            
            this.emit('localStreamReady', this.localStream);
        } catch (error) {
            console.error('获取本地媒体流失败:', error);
            throw error;
        }
    }
    
    private async initHarmonyStream() {
        const mediaEngine = uni.requireNativePlugin('mediaEngine');
        const stream = await mediaEngine.createLocalStream({
            video: {
                width: 1280,
                height: 720,
                frameRate: 30
            },
            audio: {
                channelCount: 2,
                sampleRate: 48000
            }
        });
        
        return stream;
    }
    
    async createPeerConnection(remoteUserId: string) {
        const config = {
            iceServers: [{
                urls: 'turn:your-turn-server.com',
                username: 'username',
                credential: 'password'
            }]
        };
        
        const pc = new RTCPeerConnection(config);
        
        // 添加本地流
        this.localStream?.getTracks().forEach(track => {
            pc.addTrack(track, this.localStream!);
        });
        
        // 监听远程流
        pc.ontrack = (event) => {
            this.handleRemoteStream(remoteUserId, event.streams[0]);
        };
        
        // ICE候选处理
        pc.onicecandidate = (event) => {
            if (event.candidate) {
                this.signaling.sendIceCandidate(remoteUserId, event.candidate);
            }
        };
        
        this.peerConnections.set(remoteUserId, pc);
        return pc;
    }
}

2. 视频播放组件

<!-- components/VideoPlayer.vue -->
<template>
  <view class="video-container" :class="{ 'harmony-container': isHarmony }">
    <video
      v-if="!isHarmony"
      ref="videoElement"
      :src="streamUrl"
      autoplay
      :class="{ 'remote-video': isRemote }"
      @error="handleVideoError"
    />
    <harmony-video-view
      v-else
      ref="harmonyVideo"
      :stream-id="streamId"
      @ready="handleHarmonyVideoReady"
    />
    
    <view class="video-controls">
      <button @tap="toggleMute">
        {{ isMuted ? '取消静音' : '静音' }}
      </button>
      <button @tap="switchCamera">切换摄像头</button>
    </view>
  </view>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent, ref, onMounted } from 'vue';

export default defineComponent({
  name: 'VideoPlayer',
  
  props: {
    stream: {
      type: Object,
      required: true
    },
    isRemote: {
      type: Boolean,
      default: false
    }
  },
  
  setup(props) {
    const isHarmony = uni.getSystemInfoSync().platform === 'harmony';
    const videoElement = ref<HTMLVideoElement | null>(null);
    const isMuted = ref(false);
    
    onMounted(async () => {
      if (isHarmony) {
        await initHarmonyVideo();
      } else {
        initWebVideo();
      }
    });
    
    const initHarmonyVideo = async () => {
      const mediaEngine = uni.requireNativePlugin('mediaEngine');
      await mediaEngine.initVideoView({
        streamId: props.stream.id,
        container: '.harmony-container'
      });
    };
    
    const initWebVideo = () => {
      if (videoElement.value && props.stream) {
        videoElement.value.srcObject = props.stream;
      }
    };
    
    return {
      isHarmony,
      videoElement,
      isMuted
    };
  }
});
</script>

<style lang="scss">
.video-container {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16/9;
  background: #000;
  
  .remote-video {
    transform: scaleX(-1); // 镜像显示远程视频
  }
  
  .video-controls {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 20rpx;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 20rpx;
  }
}
</style>

3. 会议室实现

// pages/conference/room.vue
<template>
  <view class="conference-room">
    <view class="video-grid">
      <video-player
        v-for="stream in remoteStreams"
        :key="stream.id"
        :stream="stream"
        :is-remote="true"
      />
      <video-player
        v-if="localStream"
        :stream="localStream"
        :is-remote="false"
      />
    </view>
    
    <room-controls
      @leave-room="handleLeaveRoom"
      @toggle-audio="toggleAudio"
      @toggle-video="toggleVideo"
    />
  </view>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent, ref, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount } from 'vue';
import { RTCConnectionManager } from '@/services/webrtc/connection';
import { useRoomStore } from '@/stores/room';

export default defineComponent({
  name: 'ConferenceRoom',
  
  setup() {
    const roomStore = useRoomStore();
    const rtcManager = new RTCConnectionManager(roomStore.signaling);
    const localStream = ref<MediaStream | null>(null);
    const remoteStreams = ref<Map<string, MediaStream>>(new Map());
    
    onMounted(async () => {
      await initializeConference();
    });
    
    const initializeConference = async () => {
      try {
        // 初始化本地流
        await rtcManager.initLocalStream();
        localStream.value = rtcManager.getLocalStream();
        
        // 加入房间
        await roomStore.joinRoom({
          roomId: route.params.roomId,
          userId: userStore.userId
        });
        
        // 处理新用户加入
        roomStore.onUserJoined(async (userId) => {
          const pc = await rtcManager.createPeerConnection(userId);
          // 创建并发送offer
          const offer = await pc.createOffer();
          await pc.setLocalDescription(offer);
          await roomStore.sendOffer(userId, offer);
        });
      } catch (error) {
        console.error('初始化会议失败:', error);
        uni.showToast({
          title: '加入会议失败，请检查设备权限',
          icon: 'none'
        });
      }
    };
    
    return {
      localStream,
      remoteStreams
    };
  }
});
</script>

鸿蒙系统适配要点

在将视频会议系统适配到鸿蒙系统时，我们需要特别注意以下几点：

媒体引擎初始化

// platform/harmony/media-engine.ts
export class HarmonyMediaEngine {
    private engine: any;
    
    async initialize() {
        this.engine = uni.requireNativePlugin('mediaEngine');
        
        // 初始化HMS媒体引擎
        await this.engine.initialize({
            appId: 'your-hms-app-id',
            apiKey: 'your-hms-api-key'
        });
        
        // 配置音视频参数
        await this.engine.setVideoEncoderConfiguration({
            width: 1280,
            height: 720,
            frameRate: 30,
            bitrate: 1500
        });
    }
    
    async startLocalPreview() {
        await this.engine.startPreview({
            sourceType: 'camera',
            cameraId: 'front'
        });
    }
}