企业监控大盘Grafana

news2025/11/4 14:47:28

企业监控大盘Grafana

Grafana简述

Grafana 是一个开源的度量分析与可视化工具。提供查询、可视化、报警和指标展示等功能，能灵活创建图表、仪表盘等可视化界面

主要功能：

可视化: 提供多种可选择的不同类型的图形，能够灵活绘制不同样式，且还提供很多插件。
动态仪表盘: 提供以模板和变量的方式来创建动态且可重复使用的仪表盘，可以灵活调整。
浏览指标: 通过瞬时查询和动态变化等方式展示数据，可以根据不同的时间范围拆分视图。
警报: 可以直观地根据重要的指标定义警报规则。Grafana 将不断评估并向 Slack，邮件，快消息等系统发送通知。
混合数据源: 在同一图中混合不同的数据源，可以基于每个查询指定不同数据源。

在这里插入图片描述

部署Grafana到Kubernetes

数据持久化

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: grafana-data-pvc
  namespace: monitor
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: "nfs-storage"
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 10Gi

配置grafana-config

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: grafana-config
  namespace: monitor
data:
  grafana.ini: |
    [server]
    root_url = http://grafana.kubernets.cn
    [smtp]
    enabled = true
    host = smtp.exmail.qq.com:465
    user = 1440350254@qq.com
    password = xxx
    skip_verify = true
    from_address = 1440350254@qq.com
    [alerting]
    enabled = true
    execute_alerts = true

配置grafana-SVC

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: monitor
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - port: 3000
  selector:
    app: grafana
    component: core

部署grafana-DP

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana-core
  namespace: monitor
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        component: core
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana-core
        image: grafana/grafana:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        volumeMounts:
        - name: storage
          subPath: grafana
          mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
        # env:
        resources:
          # keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 500Mi
        env:            #配置环境变量,设置Grafana 的默认管理员用户名/密码
          # The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password.
          - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
            value: "true"
          - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
            value: "false"
          # - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          #   value: Admin
          # does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards:
          # - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED
          #   value: "true"
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 3000
          # initialDelaySeconds: 30
          # timeoutSeconds: 1
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          subPath: grafana
          mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
        - name: grafana-config
          mountPath: /etc/grafana
          readOnly: true
      securityContext:       #容器安全策略,设置运行容器使用的归属组与用户
        fsGroup: 472
        runAsUser: 472
      volumes:
      - name: data
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: grafana-data-pvc
      - name: grafana-config
        configMap:
          name: grafana-config

部署grafana-ING

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: grafana-ingress
  namespace: monitor
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/http_probe: "true"
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
    - host: grafana.kubernets.cn
      http:
        paths:
          - pathType: Prefix
            backend:
              service:
                name: grafana
                port:
                  number: 3000
            path: /

Grafana安装插件

# kubectl exec -it -n monitor grafana-58ffb4db5d-c4wlz bash

bash-5.0$ grafana-cli plugins install grafana-piechart-panel
bash-5.0$ grafana-cli plugins install camptocamp-prometheus-alertmanager-datasource

验证测试Grafana

$ curl grafana.kubernets.cn
<a href="/login">Found</a>.

配置数据源

Grafana官方提供了对：Graphite, InfluxDB, OpenTSDB, Prometheus, Elasticsearch, CloudWatch的支持。

添加数据源：Configuration --> Data Sources --> Prometheus

HTTP URL：http://prometheus.monitor:9090 Save & test

企业级监控大盘

创建不同维度的大盘：Create --> New dashboard folder --> 集群层面

官方大盘指引：Dashboards | Grafana Labs

监控指标说明：监控指标说明 | KubeSphere Documents

集群层面监控

导入大盘：Create --> Import

集群：

Kubernetes / Views / Global ：15757
- node_cpu_core_throttles_total ignores second thread of hyperthreading systems · Issue #1472 · prometheus/node_exporter (github.com)
Kubernetes / Views / Nodes ：15759
Kubernetes / Views / Namespaces ：15758
Kubernetes / Views / Pods ：15760
Kubernetes Deployment Statefulset Daemonset metrics ：8588