详解 ElasticSearch 基础教程

news2025/10/31 16:49:25

🌹 分享 ElasticSearch 基础，请指教。
 
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理论

Elasticsearch: The Official Distributed Search & Analytics Engine | ElasticElasticsearch is the leading distributed, RESTful, free and open search and analytics engine designed for speed, horizontal scalability, reliability, and easy management. Get started for free.https://www.elastic.co/elasticsearch/

Elasticsearch是基于Apache Lucene的搜索服务器它的最新版本是8.10.2。

Elasticsearch是一个实时的分布式开放源代码全文本搜索和分析引擎。可从RESTful Web服务界面访问它，并使用无模式的JSON（JavaScript对象表示法）文档存储数据。它基于Java编程语言构建，因此Elasticsearch可以在不同平台上运行。它使用户能够以很高的速度浏览大量的数据。

Elasticsearch & MYSQL

索引

对比关系型数据库，创建索引就等同于创建数据库

创建

PUT /shopping

查看

单个索引

GET /shopping

全部索引

GET /_cat/indices?v

删除

DELETE /shopping

文档

创建

随机ID

POST /shopping/_doc
{
  "title":"华为meta60pro",
  "category":"手机",
  "images":"https://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
  "price":"6499.00"
}

自定义ID

POST /shopping/_doc/1000
{
  "title":"华为meta60pro max",
  "category":"手机",
  "images":"https://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
  "price":"7499.00"
}

PUT /shopping/_doc/1002
{
  "title":"华为meta60pro max尊享",
  "category":"手机",
  "images":"https://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
  "price":"8499.00"
}

查询

主键查询

不存在查询

全部查询

GET /shopping/_search

修改

全量更新

PUT /shopping/_doc/1002
{
  "title":"华为meta60pro max尊享",
  "category":"手机",
  "images":"https://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
  "price":"12999.00"
}

局部更新

POST /shopping/_update/1002
{
  "doc":{
    "title":"华为meta70pro max尊享"
  }
}

删除

DELETE /shopping/_doc/1000

复杂查询

请求路径方式

GET /shopping/_search?q=category:手机

请求体方式

属性查询

GET /shopping/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match": {
      "category": "手机"
    }
  }
}

全量查询

GET /shopping/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

分页查询

GET /shopping/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "from": 1,
  "size": 2
}

指定返回属性

GET /shopping/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "from": 1,
  "size": 2,
  "_source": ["price","title"]
}

排序

GET /shopping/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "from": 1,
  "size": 2,
  "_source": ["title"],
  "sort": [
    {
      "title": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

错误

# 设置属性类型
PUT shopping/_mapping
{
    "properties": {
      "price": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "title": {
        "fielddata": true, 
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
}

组合查询

同时满足所有条件

## SQL: category="手机" AND price="6499.00"
GET /shopping/_search
{
  "query":{
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
          "category": "手机"
        }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "price": "6499.00"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

满足某个条件

## SQL: category="手机" OR price="6499.00" 
GET /shopping/_search
{
  "query":{
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
          "category": "手机"
        }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "price": "6499.00"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

范围查询

## SQL: (category="手机" OR price=6499.00) and (price between 6500 and 10000) 
GET /shopping/_search
{
  "query":{
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
          "category": "手机"
        }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "price": 6499.00
          }
        }
      ],
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "price": {
            "gt": 6500,
            "lt": 10000
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

分页排序

# SQL: (category="手机" OR price=6499.00) and (price between 6500 and 10000)  limit 2 order by price desc
GET /shopping/_search
{
  "query":{
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
          "category": "手机"
        }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "price": 6499.00
          }
        }
      ],
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "price": {
            "gt": 6500,
            "lt": 10000
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "from": 0,
  "size": 2,
  "sort": [
      {
      "price": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

高亮显示

GET /shopping/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_phrase": {
      "category": "手机"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "category": {}
    }
  }
}

聚合查询

分组聚合


GET /shopping/_search
{
 "aggs": {
   "cacl_avg": {
     "terms": {
       "field":"price"
     }
   }
 },
 "size": 0
}

计算平均值


GET /shopping/_search
{
 "aggs": {
   "cacl_avg": {
     "avg": {
       "field":"price"
     }
   }
 },
 "size": 0
}

创建映射关系

映射关系


PUT /user/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "user":{
      "type": "text",
      "index": true
    },
    "sex":{
      "type": "keyword",
      "index": false
    },
    "tel":{
      "type": "keyword",
      "index": true
    }
  }
}