1.单链表
 线性表:1.有限的序列 2.序列中的每一个元素都有唯一的前驱和后继,除了开头和结尾的两个节点。
顺序表:分配一块连续的内存去存放这些元素,eg、数组
链表:内存是不连续的,元素会各自被分配一块内存,内存和内存之间用指针进行相连。
顺序表和链表的区别是内存的连续与否
data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> NULL
单链表的操作:
 1.增加 :1>头插法 2>尾插法
 1>插入——> data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> NULL
 2>data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> data域 | next指针域 ——> 插入——>NULL
 2.删除:用前一个节点的指针直接指向对应节点的后一个节点的前驱,只操作一个指针。
 为了使操作方便,在操作中添加一个头节点。头节点并不实际存储,只保存链表中的元素个数。
 代码实现:
定义一个结构体:
typedef struct Node {//定义一个结构体
	int data;
	struct Node* next;
}Node;
初始化一个链表:
Node* initList() {//初始化一个链表
	Node* list = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	list->data = 0;
	list->next = NULL;
	return list;
}头插法:
void headInsert(Node* list,int data){//头插法
	Node* node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	node->data = data;
	node->next = list->next;
	list->next = node;
	list->data++;//代表当前链表之中插入元素
}尾插法:
void tailInsert(Node* list, int data){//尾插法
	Node* head = list;
	Node* node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	node->data = data;
	node->next = NULL;
	list = list->next;
	while (list->next) {
		list = list->next;
	}
	list->next = node;
	head->data++;
}删除:
void Delete(Node* list, int data){//删除
	Node* head = list;
	Node* pre = list;
	Node* current = list->next;
	list = list->next;
	while (current)
	{
		if (current->data == data)
		{
			pre->next = current->next;
			free(current);
			break;
		}
		pre = current;
		current = current->next;
	}
	list->data--;
}遍历操作:
void printList(Node* list) {//遍历操作
	list = list->next;
	while (list)
	{
		printf("%d ", list->data);
		list = list->next;
	}
	printf("\n");
}main函数:
int main()
{
	Node* list = initList();
	headInsert(list, 1);
	headInsert(list, 2);
	headInsert(list, 3);
	headInsert(list, 4);
	headInsert(list, 5);
	tailInsert(list, 6);
	tailInsert(list, 7);
	tailInsert(list, 8);
	tailInsert(list, 9);
	tailInsert(list, 10);
	printList(list);
	Delete(list, 5);
	printList(list);
	Delete(list, 10);
	printList(list);
	Delete(list, 6);
	printList(list);
	return 0;
}整体函数:
typedef struct Node {//定义一个结构体
	int data;
	struct Node* next;
}Node;
Node* initList() {//初始化一个链表
	Node* list = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	list->data = 0;
	list->next = NULL;
	return list;
}
void headInsert(Node* list,int data){//头插法
	Node* node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	node->data = data;
	node->next = list->next;
	list->next = node;
	list->data++;//代表当前链表之中插入元素
}
void tailInsert(Node* list, int data){//尾插法
	Node* head = list;
	Node* node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	node->data = data;
	node->next = NULL;
	list = list->next;
	while (list->next) {
		list = list->next;
	}
	list->next = node;
	head->data++;
}
void Delete(Node* list, int data){//删除
	Node* head = list;
	Node* pre = list;
	Node* current = list->next;
	list = list->next;
	while (current)
	{
		if (current->data == data)
		{
			pre->next = current->next;
			free(current);
			break;
		}
		pre = current;
		current = current->next;
	}
	list->data--;
}
void printList(Node* list) {//遍历操作
	list = list->next;
	while (list)
	{
		printf("%d ", list->data);
		list = list->next;
	}
	printf("\n");
}
int main()
{
	Node* list = initList();
	headInsert(list, 1);
	headInsert(list, 2);
	headInsert(list, 3);
	headInsert(list, 4);
	headInsert(list, 5);
	tailInsert(list, 6);
	tailInsert(list, 7);
	tailInsert(list, 8);
	tailInsert(list, 9);
	tailInsert(list, 10);
	printList(list);
	Delete(list, 5);
	printList(list);
	Delete(list, 10);
	printList(list);
	Delete(list, 6);
	printList(list);
	return 0;
}运行结果:




















