第七章 redux
 
五、redux 异步编程
 
1. 理解
 
- redux 默认是不能进行异步处理的,
 - 某些时候应用中需要在 redux 中执行异步任务(ajax, 定时器)
 
 
2. 使用异步中间件
 
- npm install --save redux-thunk
 
 
3. 代码 - 异步 action 版
 
3.1 store
 
import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from "redux";
import countReducer from "./count_reducer";
import thunk from 'redux-thunk'
export default createStore(countReducer, applyMiddleware(thunk));
 
3.2 count_action
 
import { INCREMENT, DECREMENT } from "./constant";
export const createIncrementAction = (data) => ({ type: INCREMENT, data });
export const createDecrementAction = (data) => ({ type: DECREMENT, data });
export const createIncrementAsyncAction = (data, time) => {
  return (dispatch) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      dispatch(createIncrementAction(data));
    }, time);
  };
};
 
3.3 Count
 
import React, { Component } from "react";
import store from "../../redux/store";
import {
  createDecrementAction,
  createIncrementAction,
  createIncrementAsyncAction,
} from "../../redux/count_action";
export default class Count extends Component {
  
  increment = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    store.dispatch(createIncrementAction(value * 1));
  };
  
  decrement = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    store.dispatch(createDecrementAction(value * 1));
  };
  
  incrementIfOdd = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    const count = store.getState();
    if (count % 2 !== 0) {
      store.dispatch(createIncrementAction(value * 1));
    }
  };
  
  incrementAsync = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    store.dispatch(createIncrementAsyncAction(value * 1, 500));
  };
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <h1>当前求和为:{store.getState()}</h1>
        <select ref={(c) => (this.selectNumber = c)}>
          <option value="1">1</option>
          <option value="2">2</option>
          <option value="3">3</option>
        </select>
         
        <button onClick={this.increment}>+</button> 
        <button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button> 
        <button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当前求和为奇数再加</button> 
        <button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>
      </div>
    );
  }
}
 
3.4 总结
 
(1).明确:延迟的动作不想交给组件自身,想交给action
(2).何时需要异步action:想要对状态进行操作,但是具体的数据靠异步任务返回。
(3).具体编码:
	1).yarn add redux-thunk,并配置在store中
	2).创建action的函数不再返回一般对象,而是一个函数,该函数中写异步任务。
	3).异步任务有结果后,分发一个同步的action去真正操作数据。
(4).备注:异步action不是必须要写的,完全可以自己等待异步任务的结果了再去分发同步action。
 
六、react-redux
 

 
1. 理解
 
- 一个 react 插件库
 - 专门用来简化 react 应用中使用 redux
 
 
2. react-Redux 将所有组件分成两大类
 
2.1 UI 组件
 
- 只负责 UI 的呈现,不带有任何业务逻辑
 - 通过 props 接收数据(一般数据和函数)
 - 不使用任何 Redux 的 API
 - 一般保存在 components 文件夹下
 
 
2.2 容器组件
 
- 负责管理数据和业务逻辑,不负责 UI 的呈现
 - 使用 Redux 的 API
 - 一般保存在 containers 文件夹下
 
 
2.3 相关 API
 
2.3.1 Provider:让所有组件都可以得到 state 数据
 
<Provider store={store}>
  <App />
</Provider>
 
2.3.2 connect:用于包装 UI 组件生成容器组件
 
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
  connect(
    mapStateToprops,
    mapDispatchToProps
  )(Counter)
 
2.3.3 mapStateToprops:将外部的数据(即 state 对象)转换为 UI 组件的标签属性
 
const mapStateToprops = function (state) {
  return {
    value: state
  }
}
 
2.3.4 mapDispatchToProps:将分发 action 的函数转换为 UI 组件的标签属性
 
3. 代码 - react-redux 的基本使用
 
- 安装:npm install react-redux
 
 
3.1 index
 
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import App from "./App";
import store from "./redux/store";
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));
store.subscribe(() => {
  ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));
});
 
3.2 App
 
import React, { Component } from "react";
import Count from "./containers/Count";
import store from "./redux/store";
export default class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        {}
        <Count store={store} />
      </div>
    );
  }
}
 
3.3 Count(Component)
 
import React, { Component } from "react";
export default class Count extends Component {
  
  increment = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    this.props.jia(value * 1);
  };
  
  decrement = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    this.props.jian(value * 1);
  };
  
  incrementIfOdd = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    if (this.props.count % 2 !== 0) {
      this.props.jia(value * 1);
    }
  };
  
  incrementAsync = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    this.props.jiaAsync(value * 1, 500);
  };
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <h1>当前求和为:{this.props.count}</h1>
        <select ref={(c) => (this.selectNumber = c)}>
          <option value="1">1</option>
          <option value="2">2</option>
          <option value="3">3</option>
        </select>
         
        <button onClick={this.increment}>+</button> 
        <button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button> 
        <button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当前求和为奇数再加</button> 
        <button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>
      </div>
    );
  }
}
 
3.4 Count(Container)
 
import CountUI from "../../components/Count";
import {
  createIncrementAction,
  createDecrementAction,
  createIncrementAsyncAction,
} from "../../redux/count_action";
import { connect } from "react-redux";
function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return { count: state };
}
function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch) {
  return {
    jia: (number) => dispatch(createIncrementAction(number)),
    jian: (number) => dispatch(createDecrementAction(number)),
    jiaAsync: (number, time) =>
      dispatch(createIncrementAsyncAction(number, time)),
  };
}
export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(CountUI);
 
3.5 总结
 
(1).明确两个概念:
	1).UI组件:不能使用任何redux的api,只负责页面的呈现、交互等。
	2).容器组件:负责和redux通信,将结果交给UI组件。
(2).如何创建一个容器组件————靠 react-redux 的 connect函数
	connect(mapStateToProps,mapDispatchToProps)(UI组件)
		-mapStateToProps:映射状态,返回值是一个对象
		-mapDispatchToProps:映射操作状态的方法,返回值是一个对象
(3).备注1:容器组件中的store是靠props传进去的,而不是在容器组件中直接引入
(4).备注2:mapDispatchToProps,也可以是一个对象
 
4. 代码 - 优化 1:简写 mapDispatch
 
Count(Container)
 
import CountUI from "../../components/Count";
import {
  createIncrementAction,
  createDecrementAction,
  createIncrementAsyncAction,
} from "../../redux/count_action";
import { connect } from "react-redux";
export default connect((state) => ({ count: state }), {
  jia: createIncrementAction,
  jian: createDecrementAction,
  jiaAsync: createIncrementAsyncAction,
})(CountUI);
 
5. 代码 - 优化 2:Provider 组件的使用
 
5.1 index
 
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import App from "./App";
import store from "./redux/store";
import { Provider } from "react-redux";
ReactDOM.render(
  <Provider store={store}>
    <App />
  </Provider>,
  document.getElementById("root")
);
 
5.2 App
 
import React, { Component } from "react";
import Count from "./containers/Count";
export default class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <Count />
      </div>
    );
  }
}
 
6. 代码 - 优化 3:整合 UI 组件和容器组件
 
6.1 Count(Container)
 
import React, { Component } from "react";
import {
  createIncrementAction,
  createDecrementAction,
  createIncrementAsyncAction,
} from "../../redux/count_action";
import { connect } from "react-redux";
class Count extends Component {
  
  increment = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    this.props.jia(value * 1);
  };
  
  decrement = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    this.props.jian(value * 1);
  };
  
  incrementIfOdd = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    if (this.props.count % 2 !== 0) {
      this.props.jia(value * 1);
    }
  };
  
  incrementAsync = () => {
    const { value } = this.selectNumber;
    this.props.jiaAsync(value * 1, 500);
  };
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <h1>当前求和为:{this.props.count}</h1>
        <select ref={(c) => (this.selectNumber = c)}>
          <option value="1">1</option>
          <option value="2">2</option>
          <option value="3">3</option>
        </select>
         
        <button onClick={this.increment}>+</button> 
        <button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button> 
        <button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当前求和为奇数再加</button> 
        <button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>
      </div>
    );
  }
}
export default connect((state) => ({ count: state }), {
  jia: createIncrementAction,
  jian: createDecrementAction,
  jiaAsync: createIncrementAsyncAction,
})(Count);
 
6.2 总结
 
(1).容器组件和UI组件整合一个文件
(2).无需自己给容器组件传递store,给<App/>包裹一个<Provider store={store}>即可。
(3).使用了react-redux后也不用再自己检测redux中状态的改变了,容器组件可以自动完成这个工作。
(4).mapDispatchToProps也可以简单的写成一个对象
(5).一个组件要和redux“打交道”要经过哪几步?
	(1).定义好UI组件---不暴露
	(2).引入connect生成一个容器组件,并暴露,写法如下:
			connect(
				state => ({key:value}), //映射状态
				{key:xxxxxAction} //映射操作状态的方法
			)(UI组件)
	(3).在UI组件中通过this.props.xxxxxxx读取和操作状态