Unity进阶-消息框架的理论知识与实际操作学习笔记

笔记来源课程：https://study.163.com/course/courseMain.htm?courseId=1212756805&_trace_c_p_k2_=8c8d7393c43b400d89ae94ab037586fc

这种框架其实就是分层管理了很多脚本，防止脚本调用产生的耦合性问题。

它的基础部分分为三个部分 脚本基础类，管理层基础类 ，以及命令类。

• 脚本基础类：一切功能脚本的模板

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class MoonBase : MonoBehaviour
{
    public virtual void ReceiveMessage(Message message){
        
    }
}

• 管理层类：所有管理层都来自于此

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public abstract class ManagerBase : MyrSingletonBase<ManagerBase>
{
   public List<MoonBase> Monos = new List<MoonBase>();

   public void Register(MoonBase mono){
    if (!Monos.Contains(mono)){
        Monos.Add(mono);
    }
   }
   
   public virtual void ReceiveMessage(Message message){
    if (message.Type != GetMessageType()){
        return;
    }
    foreach (var mono in Monos){
        mono.ReceiveMessage(message);
    }
   }
   
   public abstract byte GetMessageType();
}

• 命令基类：所有的命令都来自于此

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Message 
{
   public byte Type;
   public int Command ;
   public object Content;
   public Message() {}
   
   public Message(byte type, int command, object content) {
       Type = type;
       Command = command;
       Content = content;
   }
}
//消息类型
public class MessageType
{
    //类型
    public static byte Type_Audio = 1;
    public static byte Type_UI = 2;
    public static byte Type_Player = 3;
//声音命令
    public static int Audio_PlaySound = 100;
    public static int Audio_StopSound = 101;
    public static int Audio_PlayMusic = 102;
//UI命令
    public static int UI_ShowPanel = 200;
    public static int UI_AddScore = 201;
    public static int UI_ShowShop = 202;

}

DLC：泛型的单例类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class MyrSingletonBase<T> : MonoBehaviour where T : MonoBehaviour
{
    private static T instance;
    public static T Instance {
        get
        {
            return instance;
        }
    }

    protected virtual void Awake() {
        instance = this as T;
    }

    protected virtual void OnDestroy() {
        instance = null;
    }
}

实际操作：使用消息框架制作吃金币功能

• 创建消息中心

  

  using System.Collections;
  using System.Collections.Generic;
  using UnityEngine;
  
  public class MessageCenter : MyrSingletonBase<MessageCenter>
  {
      public List<ManagerBase> Managers = new List<ManagerBase>();
  
      public void Register(ManagerBase manager){
          if (!Managers.Contains(manager)){
              Managers.Add(manager);
          }
      }
  
      public void SendCustomMessage(Message message){
          foreach(var manager in Managers){
              manager.ReceiveMessage(message);
          }
      }
  }
  
  

  随便找个对象绑定上

  

  • 管理层–UI管理

  

  using System.Collections;
  using System.Collections.Generic;
  using UnityEngine;
  
  public class UiManager : ManagerBase
  {
      void Start()
      {
          MessageCenter.Instance.Register(this);
      }
  
    public override byte GetMessageType()
      {
          return MessageType.Type_UI;
      }
      
  }
  
  

  绑定到canvas上

  

• 功能脚本–控制页面显示

  

  using System.Collections;
  using System.Collections.Generic;
  using UnityEngine;
  using UnityEngine.UI;
  
  public class Panel : MoonBase
  {
      public Text text;
  
      void Start() {
          UiManager.Instance.Register(this);
      }
      
      public override void ReceiveMessage(Message message){
          base.ReceiveMessage(message);
          
          if(message.Command == MessageType.UI_AddScore){
              int score = (int)message.Content;
              text.text = "分数" + score;
          }
      }
  }
  绑定到panel上
  

  

  

  • 控制玩家触发

    

  

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    int score = 0;
    void Start()
    {
        
    }

    void Update()
    {
        float horizontal = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float vertical = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        Vector3 dir = new Vector3(horizontal, 0, vertical);
        if (dir != Vector3.zero){
            transform.Translate(dir * 5 * Time.deltaTime);
        }
    }

    private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other) {
        if(other.tag == "Coin"){
            score += 1;
            Destroy(other.gameObject);
            MessageCenter.Instance.SendCustomMessage(new Message(MessageType.Type_UI, MessageType.UI_AddScore, score));
        }
    }
}

绑定到主角胶囊上：

功能就完成了！！

复盘：