一、简介
pgloader是一款开源软件,可以将各种来源的数据加载到PostgreSQL数据库中,支持动态读取数据,使用 COPY 流式传输协议将数据加载到 PostgreSQL 数据库中,并使用单独的线程读取和写入数据,由于能够直接从源数据库加载数据。今天我们就借助pgloader这款工具实现将MySQL数据迁移到PostgreSQL数据库。
二、版本说明
MySQL版本为8.0.31、PostgreSQL版本为13.5。
三、安装PostgreSQL数据库
1.创建pg用户及安装目录
useradd postgres  
 mkdir -p /home/postgresql
2.安装pg数据库依赖包
yum install -y perl-ExtUtils-Embed readline-devel python3 python3-devel gcc-c++ cmake libarchive openssl-devel
3.pg安装部署
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.5/postgresql-13.5.tar.gz
 tar -zxvf postgresql-13.5.tar.gz  && cd postgresql-13.5/
 ./configure --prefix=/home/postgresql --with-python --with-perl --with-openssl
 make &&make install
 /home/postgresql/bin/pg_ctl --version   ##查看安装版本
 pg_ctl (PostgreSQL) 13.5
4.设置环境变量
mkdir -p /app/postgresql/pgdata ##创建数据库存储目录
 cat >> /etc/profile << EOF
 ## postgres ##
 export PATH=/app/postgresql/bin:$PATH
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/app/postgresql/lib
 export PGDATA=/app/postgresql/pgdata
 EOF
source /etc/profile  #加载环境变量
 pg_ctl --version
 pg_ctl (PostgreSQL) 13.5
5.授权
chown -R postgres.postgres /home/postgresql
 su - postgres
 initdb  ##初始化
6.创建数据库
pg_ctl start -D $PGDATA  ##启动数据库
 createuser -P zabbix  ##输出两次密码
 Enter password for new role:
 Enter it again:
 createdb -O zabbix -E Unicode -T template0 zabbix  ##创建数据库
四、安装pgloader工具
1.安装部署
wget https://codeload.github.com/dimitri/pgloader/tar.gz/refs/tags/v3.6.9
 tar -zxvf v3.6.9
 dnf -y install freetds-devel  ##安装依赖包
 cd pgloader-3.6.9/
 chmod 755 bootstrap-centos.sh
 ./bootstrap-centos.sh
 make pgloader
 cp build/bin/pgloader /usr/local/bin/
 pgloader --version
 pgloader version "3.6.7~devel"
 compiled with SBCL 2.2.10-1.rhel8
2.修改Mysql身份认证
echo "default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password" >> /etc/my.conf ##pgloader不支持caching_sha2_password身份验证插件,而这个是 MySQL 8 的默认设置,需要修改配置,如MySQL8.0前版本无需操作
 systemctl restart mysqld  ##重启数据库
3.导入Zabbix表结构
vi database/postgresql/schema.sql  ##从INSERT INTO dbversion开始往下全部删除,参考命令  :.,$d
 CREATE INDEX sla_service_tag_1 ON sla_service_tag (slaid);
 CREATE TABLE dbversion (
         dbversionid              bigint                                    NOT NULL,
         mandatory                integer         DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         optional                 integer         DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         PRIMARY KEY (dbversionid)
 );
 INSERT INTO dbversion VALUES ('1','6000000','6000017');
 create or replace function hosts_name_upper_upper()
 returns trigger language plpgsql as $func$
 begin
 update hosts set name_upper=upper(name)
 where hostid=new.hostid;
 psql -Uzabbix -dzabbix -f database/postgresql/schema.sql
4.迁移Mysql配置信息
参考文献:https://pgloader.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ref/mysql.html
mkdir -p /root/migration && cd /root/migration
 vi config.pgloader  ##当复制下面配置的时候请去除所有的注释
 LOAD DATABASE
 FROM mysql://zabbix:*****@127.0.0.1:3306/zabbix
 INTO postgresql://zabbix:*****@127.0.0.1:5432/zabbix
 WITH include no drop,
 #当列出此选项时,pgloader在加载数据时将不包含任何DROP语句。
 truncate,
 #当列出这个选项时,pgloader在将数据加载到每个PostgreSQL表之前,对每个PostgreSQL表发出TRUNCATE命令。删除表中的所有行,但表结构及其列、约束、索引等保持不变。新行标识所用的计数值重置为该列的种子
 create no tables,
 #当列出此选项时,pgloader在加载数据之前跳过表的创建,目标表必须已存在。
 #此外,当使用不创建表时,pgloader从当前目标数据库获取元数据并检查类型转换,然后在加载数据之前删除约束和索引,并在加载完成后重新安装它们。
 create no indexes,
 #当列出此选项时,pgloader将跳过创建索引。
 no foreign keys,
 #当列出此选项时,pgloader将跳过创建外键。
 reset sequences,
 #当列出这个选项时,在数据加载结束时,在所有索引都创建完成之后,pgloader将创建的所有PostgreSQL序列重置为它们所附列的当前最大值。
 data only
 #当列出此选项时,pgloader只发出COPY语句,而不进行任何处理。
 SET maintenance_work_mem TO '1024MB', work_mem to '512MB'
 #设置maintenance_work_mem和work_mem,根据自己机器的配置来设置,越大迁移越快
 EXCLUDING TABLE NAMES MATCHING ~/history.*/, ~/trend.*/
 #不迁移history表和trends表
 ALTER SCHEMA 'zabbix' RENAME TO 'public';
 #将pgloader转换生成的zabbix模式更名为public
pgloader config.pgloader ##开始迁移所有的配置不包含历史数据
 Total import time          ✓     126602    12.5 MB          3.820s  ##新库耗时时间较短
5.查看迁移数据
#  psql -Uzabbix -dzabbix -h127.0.0.1
 > \d items
       Column      |          Type           | Collation | Nullable |          Default          
 ------------------+-------------------------+-----------+----------+---------------------------
  itemid           | bigint                  |           | not null |
  type             | integer                 |           | not null | 0
  snmp_oid         | character varying(512)  |           | not null | ''::character varying
  hostid           | bigint                  |           | not null |
  name             | character varying(255)  |           | not null | ''::character varying
  ...
  Indexes:
     "items_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (itemid)
     "items_1" btree (hostid, key_)
     "items_3" btree (status)
     "items_4" btree (templateid)
     "items_5" btree (valuemapid)
     "items_6" btree (interfaceid)
     "items_7" btree (master_itemid)
     "items_8" btree (key_)
     "items_9" btree (hostid, name_upper)
 迁移MySQL历史数据
# cd /root/migration
 # vi data.pgloader  ##过滤掉history和trends七张表,每个大版本的表数量不相同,下面过滤的表请按实际版本中表数量过滤
 LOAD DATABASE
 FROM mysql://zabbix:*****@127.0.0.1:3306/zabbix
 INTO postgresql://zabbix:*****@127.0.0.1:5432/zabbix
 WITH include no drop,
 no truncate,
 create no tables,
 create no indexes,
 no foreign keys,
 reset sequences,
 data only
 SET maintenance_work_mem TO '1024MB', work_mem TO '512MB'
 EXCLUDING TABLE NAMES MATCHING 'acknowledges',
 'actions',
 'alerts',
 'auditlog',
 'autoreg_host',
 'conditions',
 'config',
 'config_autoreg_tls',
 'corr_condition',
 'corr_condition_group',
 'corr_condition_tag',
 'corr_condition_tagpair',
 'corr_condition_tagvalue',
 'corr_operation',
 'correlation',
 'dashboard',
 'dashboard_page',
 'dashboard_user',
 'dashboard_usrgrp',
 'dbversion',
 'dchecks',
 'dhosts',
 'drules',
 'dservices',
 'escalations',
 'event_recovery',
 'event_suppress',
 'event_tag',
 'events',
 'expressions',
 'functions',
 'globalmacro',
 'globalvars',
 'graph_discovery',
 'graph_theme',
 'graphs',
 'graphs_items',
 'group_discovery',
 'group_prototype',
 'ha_node',
 'host_discovery',
 'host_inventory',
 'host_tag',
 'hostmacro',
 'hosts',
 'hosts_groups',
 'hosts_templates',
 'housekeeper',
 'hstgrp',
 'httpstep',
 'httpstep_field',
 'httpstepitem',
 'httptest',
 'httptest_field',
 'httptest_tag',
 'httptestitem',
 'icon_map',
 'icon_mapping',
 'ids',
 'images',
 'interface',
 'interface_discovery',
 'interface_snmp',
 'item_condition',
 'item_discovery',
 'item_parameter',
 'item_preproc',
 'item_rtdata',
 'item_tag',
 'items',
 'lld_macro_path',
 'lld_override',
 'lld_override_condition',
 'lld_override_opdiscover',
 'lld_override_operation',
 'lld_override_ophistory',
 'lld_override_opinventory',
 'lld_override_opperiod',
 'lld_override_opseverity',
 'lld_override_opstatus',
 'lld_override_optag',
 'lld_override_optemplate',
 'lld_override_optrends',
 'maintenance_tag',
 'maintenances',
 'maintenances_groups',
 'maintenances_hosts',
 'maintenances_windows',
 'media',
 'media_type',
 'media_type_message',
 'media_type_param',
 'module',
 'opcommand',
 'opcommand_grp',
 'opcommand_hst',
 'opconditions',
 'operations',
 'opgroup',
 'opinventory',
 'opmessage',
 'opmessage_grp',
 'opmessage_usr',
 'optemplate',
 'problem',
 'problem_tag',
 'profiles',
 'proxy_autoreg_host',
 'proxy_dhistory',
 'proxy_history',
 'regexps',
 'report',
 'report_param',
 'report_user',
 'report_usrgrp',
 'rights',
 'role',
 'role_rule',
 'script_param',
 'scripts',
 'service_alarms',
 'service_problem',
 'service_problem_tag',
 'service_status_rule',
 'service_tag',
 'services',
 'services_links',
 'sessions',
 'sla',
 'sla_excluded_downtime',
 'sla_schedule',
 'sla_service_tag',
 'sysmap_element_trigger',
 'sysmap_element_url',
 'sysmap_shape',
 'sysmap_url',
 'sysmap_user',
 'sysmap_usrgrp',
 'sysmaps',
 'sysmaps_element_tag',
 'sysmaps_elements',
 'sysmaps_link_triggers',
 'sysmaps_links',
 'tag_filter',
 'task',
 'task_acknowledge',
 'task_check_now',
 'task_close_problem',
 'task_data',
 'task_remote_command',
 'task_remote_command_result',
 'task_result',
 'timeperiods',
 'token',
 'trigger_depends',
 'trigger_discovery',
 'trigger_queue',
 'trigger_tag',
 'triggers',
 'users',
 'users_groups',
 'usrgrp',
 'valuemap',
 'valuemap_mapping',
 'widget',
 'widget_field'
 ALTER SCHEMA 'zabbix' RENAME TO 'public';
# pgloader data.pgloader  ##只有一台Server监控数据用时较短
 2023-06-11T21:00:32.007800+21:00 LOG pgloader version "3.6.7~devel"
 2023-06-11T21:00:32.007800+21:00 LOG Migrating from #<MYSQL-CONNECTION mysql://zabbix@127.0.0.1:3306/zabbix {10067B4643}>
 2023-06-11T21:00:32.007800+21:00 LOG Migrating into #<PGSQL-CONNECTION pgsql://zabbix@127.0.0.1:5432/zabbix {10067B47D3}>
 2023-06-11T21:00:32.007800+21:00 WARNING Source column "public"."history_uint"."value" is casted to type "bigint" which is not the same as "numeric", the type of current target database column "public"."history_uint"."value".
 2023-06-11T21:00:32.007800+21:00 WARNING Source column "public"."trends_uint"."value_min" is casted to type "bigint" which is not the same as "numeric", the type of current target database column "public"."trends_uint"."value_min".
 2023-06-11T21:00:32.007800+21:00 WARNING Source column "public"."trends_uint"."value_avg" is casted to type "bigint" which is not the same as "numeric", the type of current target database column "public"."trends_uint"."value_avg".
 2023-06-11T21:00:32.007800+21:00 WARNING Source column "public"."trends_uint"."value_max" is casted to type "bigint" which is not the same as "numeric", the type of current target database column "public"."trends_uint"."value_max".
 2023-06-11T21:00:32.007800+21:00 LOG report summary reset
              table name     errors       rows      bytes      total time
 -----------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  --------------
         fetch meta data          0          7                     0.076s
 -----------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  --------------
          public.history          0       8008   286.8 kB          0.110s
     public.history_uint          0       2429    74.1 kB          0.067s
      public.trends_uint          0         50     1.6 kB          0.082s
     public.history_text          0          2    52.6 kB          0.117s
           public.trends          0        142     8.4 kB          0.020s
      public.history_str          0         12     0.9 kB          0.036s
      public.history_log          0          0                     0.025s
 -----------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  --------------
 COPY Threads Completion          0          4                     0.171s
         Reset Sequences          0          0                     0.027s
        Install Comments          0          0                     0.000s
 -----------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  --------------
       Total import time          ✓      10643   424.5 kB          0.198s
6.查看历史数据迁移
psql -Uzabbix
 \c zabbix
 zabbix=> select * from history;
  itemid |   clock    |         value          |    ns     
 --------+------------+------------------------+-----------
   10073 | 1670483513 |     0.8324606300857088 | 661499763
   10073 | 1670483573 |     1.0157088072329086 | 718082482
   10073 | 1670483693 |     0.8991120422218923 | 907381983
   10073 | 1670483753 |      1.015714184025525 | 963646786
   10073 | 1670483813 |     1.0329172154884476 |  19686404
   10073 | 1670483873 |     1.0158031677606336 |  70690315
   10073 | 1670483933 |     1.0157542389272938 | 124586880
   10073 | 1670483993 |      1.015691219317195 | 182209551
   10073 | 1670484053 |     1.0156428524089065 | 242692284
7.设置主外键
cat schema.sql |tail -n +2090 > altertable.sql > altertable.sql  ##将所有ALTER以及另一段sql放入altertable.sql中
 psql -Uzabbix -dzabbix -f database/postgresql/altertable.sql
 psql -Uzabbix
 \c zabbix
 \d+ items
 ...
 Foreign-key constraints:
     "c_items_1" FOREIGN KEY (hostid) REFERENCES hosts(hostid) ON DELETE CASCADE
     "c_items_2" FOREIGN KEY (templateid) REFERENCES items(itemid) ON DELETE CASCADE
     "c_items_3" FOREIGN KEY (valuemapid) REFERENCES valuemap(valuemapid)
     "c_items_4" FOREIGN KEY (interfaceid) REFERENCES interface(interfaceid)
     "c_items_5" FOREIGN KEY (master_itemid) REFERENCES items(itemid) ON DELETE CASCADE
五、Zabbix前端访问测试
1.数据库连接配置

2.测试连接成功

注:按照实际环境测试环境先熟悉验证,不建议直接生产操作该步骤
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