前言
c++课程作业–学生信息管理系统
 在
原博客C++通讯录管理系统
https://www.csdn.net/tags/OtDagg2sODU2Ni1ibG9n.html
的基础上进行了一点修改。
学生信息管理系统
基本功能要求:
能使用文件的打开,关闭,读写等操作,实现
 1.连续输入若干个学生信息(学号,姓名,电话号码),保存在文件中
 2.可以从文件读出学生信息并显示在屏幕
可扩展功能:
 1.输入学号,查找学生姓名,电话号码
 2.输入姓名:查找电话号码
 3.删除某个学生信息
 4.修改学生电话号码
 其他自定义的功能
代码
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
/*学生数据元素*/
typedef struct {
	int num;		 //编号
	string name;     //姓名
	string phonenum; //电话
}ElemType;
/*链表*/
typedef struct Node {
	ElemType data;
	struct Node* next;
}Node, * LinkList;
/*函数声明列表*/
void Read_LinkList(LinkList& L);                         //读取信息
void Save_LinkList(const LinkList& L);                   //保存信息
void Init_LinkList(LinkList& L);                         //初始化链表
void Create_LinkList(LinkList& L);                       //添加学生信息 
void Delete_LinkList(LinkList& L);                       //删除学生信息 
void Query_LinkList(const LinkList& L);                  //查询
void Modify_LinkList(LinkList& L);                       //修改
void Print_LinkList(const LinkList& L);                  //显示
bool compare(const ElemType& t1, const ElemType& t2);    //定义sort函数的关系
void Sort_LinkList(LinkList& L);                         //排序
void Clear_LinkList(LinkList& L);                        //清空
void menu(LinkList& L);                                  //主控菜单
/*程序入口---主函数*/
int main()
{
	LinkList L;
	Init_LinkList(L);
	Read_LinkList(L);
	menu(L);
	return 0;
}
/*读取信息函数*/
void Read_LinkList(LinkList& L)
{
	Node* p = L;
	ifstream infile("infomation.txt", ios::in);
	int len = 0;
	infile >> len;
	ElemType tem;
	while (len--)
	{
		infile >> tem.num >> tem.name >> tem.phonenum ;
		Node* t = new Node;
		t->data = tem;
		t->next = NULL;
		p->next = t;
		p = p->next;
	}
	infile.close();
}
/*保存信息函数*/
void Save_LinkList(LinkList& L)
{
	Node* t = L, * cnt = L;
	ofstream outfile("infomation.txt", ios::out);
	int len = 0;
	while (cnt->next)
	{
		len++;
		cnt = cnt->next;
	}
	outfile << len << endl;
	while (t)
	{
		if (t != L)
			outfile << t->data.num << "\t" << t->data.name << "\t" << t->data.phonenum << endl;
		t = t->next;
	}
	outfile.close();
}
/*初始化链表函数*/
void Init_LinkList(LinkList& L)
{
	L = new Node;
	L->next = NULL;
}
/*添加学生信息函数*/
void Create_LinkList(LinkList& L)
{
	system("cls");
	cout << "\t\t\t**************添加学生信息***************" << endl;
	Node* t = L;
	int i = 1, flag = 1;
	while (t->next)
	{
		i++;
		t = t->next;
	}
	while (flag)
	{
		Node* p = new Node;
		cout<<"\t\t\t输入学生编号:"; 
		cin>>p-> data.num;
		cout << "\t\t\t输入姓名:";
		cin >> p->data.name;
		cout << "\t\t\t输入电话:";
		cin >> p->data.phonenum;
		p->next = NULL;
		t->next = p;
		t = t->next;
		Save_LinkList(L); //将改动保存至文件中
		cout << "\t\t\t添加成功!是否继续添加?(1 是 0 否)" << endl;
		cout << "\t\t\t请选择【0-1】:";
		cin >> flag;
	}
}
/*删除学生信息函数*/
void Delete_LinkList(LinkList& L)
{
	system("cls");
	cout << "\t\t\t**************删除学生信息***************" << endl;
	int sel = 0;
	Node* p = L, * t = NULL;
	ElemType tem;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t1 按学号删除" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t2 按姓名删除" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t请选择【1-3】:";
	cin >> sel;
	while (sel < 1 || sel>3)
	{
		cout << "\t\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-3】:";
		cin >> sel;
	}
	if (sel == 1)
	{
		int flag = 0;
		cout << "\t\t\t请输入待删除学生的编号:";
		cin >> tem.num;
		while (p->next)
		{
			t = p->next;
			if (t->data.num == tem.num)
			{
				cout << "\t\t\t待删除学生的信息如下:" << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl; 
				cout << "\t\t\t学号\t" << "姓名\t" << "联系电话" << endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t" << t->data.num << "\t" << t->data.name << "\t" << t->data.phonenum << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				flag = 1;
				break;
			}
			p = p->next;
		}
		if (flag == 0) cout << "\t\t\t查无此人,无法删除!" << endl;
		else
		{
			cout << "\t\t\t确认删除?(1 是 0 否)" << endl;
			cout << "\t\t\t请选择【0-1】:";
			cin >> sel;
			while (sel < 0 || sel>1)
			{
				cout << "\t\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】:";
				cin >> sel;
			}
			if (sel == 0);
			else if (sel == 1)
			{
				p->next = t->next;
				delete t;
				cout << "\t\t\t删除成功!" << endl;
				Save_LinkList(L); //改动保存至文件中
			}
		}
		cout << "\n\t\t\t";
		system("pause");
		Delete_LinkList(L);
	}
	else if (sel == 2)
	{
		int flag = 0;
		cout << "\t\t\t请输入待删学生的姓名:";
		cin >> tem.name;
		while (p->next)
		{
			t = p->next;
			if (t->data.name == tem.name)
			{
				cout << "\t\t\t待删除学生的信息如下:" << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t学号\t" << "姓名\t" << "联系电话" << endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t" << t->data.num << "\t" << t->data.name << "\t" << t->data.phonenum << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				flag = 1;
				break;
			}
			p = p->next;
		}
		if (flag == 0) cout << "\t\t\t查无此人,无法删除!" << endl;
		else
		{
			cout << "\t\t\t确认删除?(1 是 0 否)" << endl;
			cout << "\t\t\t请选择【0-1】:";
			cin >> sel;
			while (sel < 0 || sel>1)
			{
				cout << "\t\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】:";
				cin >> sel;
			}
			if (sel == 0);
			else if (sel == 1)
			{
				p->next = t->next;
				delete t;
				cout << "\t\t\t删除成功!" << endl;
				Save_LinkList(L); //改动保存至文件中
			}
		}
		cout << "\n\t\t\t";
		system("pause");
		Delete_LinkList(L);
	}
	else if (sel == 3) return;
}
/*查询函数*/
void Query_LinkList(const LinkList& L)
{
	system("cls");
	cout << "\t\t\t**************查询功能***************" << endl;
	int sel = 0;
	Node* t = L;
	ElemType tem;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t1 按学号查询" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t2 按姓名查询" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t请选择【1-3】:";
	cin >> sel;
	while (sel < 1 || sel>3)
	{
		cout << "\t\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-3】:";
		cin >> sel;
	}
	if (sel == 1)
	{
		int flag = 0;
		cout << "\t\t\t请输入待查询学生的学号:";
		cin >> tem.num;
		while (t->next)
		{
			t = t->next;
			if (t->data.num == tem.num)
			{
				cout << "\t\t\t待查询学生信息如下:" << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t姓名\t" << "联系电话\t" << endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t" << t->data.name << "\t" << t->data.phonenum << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				flag = 1;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (flag == 0) cout << "\t\t\t查无此人!" << endl;
		cout << "\n\t\t\t";
		system("pause");
		Query_LinkList(L);
	}
	else if (sel == 2)
	{
		int flag = 0;
		cout << "\t\t\t请输入待查询学生的姓名:";
		cin >> tem.name;
		while (t->next)
		{
			t = t->next;
			if (t->data.name == tem.name)
			{
				cout << "\t\t\t待查询学生信息如下:" << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t联系电话" << endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t"<< t->data.phonenum<< endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				flag = 1;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (flag == 0) cout << "\t\t\t查无此人!" << endl;
		cout << "\n\t\t\t";
		system("pause");
		Query_LinkList(L);
	}
	else if (sel == 3)
	{
		return;
	}
}
/*修改学生信息函数*/
void Modify_LinkList(LinkList& L)
{
	system("cls");
	cout << "\t\t\t**************修改学生信息***************" << endl;
	int sel = 0;
	Node* t = L;
	ElemType tem;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t1 按学号修改" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t2 按姓名修改" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t请选择【1-3】:";
	cin >> sel;
	while (sel < 1 || sel>3)
	{
		cout << "\t\t\t输入不合法,请重新输入【1-3】:";
		cin >> sel;
	}
	if (sel == 1)
	{
		int flag = 0;
		cout << "\t\t\t请输入待修改学生的学号:";
		cin >> tem.num;
		while (t->next)
		{
			t = t->next;
			if (t->data.num == tem.num)
			{
				cout << "\t\t\t待修改学生信息如下:" << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t学号\t" << "姓名\t" << "联系电话\t"<< endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t" << t->data.num << "\t" << t->data.name << "\t" << t->data.phonenum << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				flag = 1;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (flag == 0) cout << "\t\t\t查无此人,无法修改!" << endl;
		else
		{
			ElemType tem;
			cout << "\t\t\t输入要修改的信息:" << endl;
//			cout << "\t\t\t输入姓名:";
//			cin >> tem.name;
			cout << "\t\t\t输入新的【电话】:";
			cin >> tem.phonenum;
			
			tem.num = t->data.num;
			tem.name=t->data.name;
			cout << "\t\t\t确认修改?(1 是 0 否)" << endl;
			cout << "\t\t\t请选择【0-1】:";
			cin >> sel;
			while (sel < 0 || sel>1)
			{
				cout << "\t\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】:";
				cin >> sel;
			}
			if (sel == 0);
			else if (sel == 1)
			{
				t->data = tem;
				cout << "\t\t\t修改成功!" << endl;
				Save_LinkList(L); //将改动保存至文件中
			}
		}
		cout << "\n\t\t\t";
		system("pause");
		Modify_LinkList(L);
	}
	else if (sel == 2)
	{
		int flag = 0;
		cout << "\t\t\t请输入待修改学生的姓名:";
		cin >> tem.name;
		while (t->next)
		{
			t = t->next;
			if (t->data.name == tem.name)
			{
				cout << "\t\t\t待修改学生的信息如下:" << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t学号\t" << "姓名\t" << "联系电话"<< endl;
				cout << "\t\t\t" << t->data.num << "\t" << t->data.name << "\t" << t->data.phonenum << endl;
				cout<<"\t\t\t**************************************"<<endl;
				flag = 1;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (flag == 0) cout << "\t\t\t查无此人,无法修改!" << endl;
		else
		{
			ElemType tem;
			cout << "\t\t\t输入修改后的学生信息:" << endl;
//			cout << "\t\t\t输入姓名:";
//			cin >> tem.name;
			cout << "\t\t\t输入新的【电话】:";
			cin >> tem.phonenum;
			
			tem.num = t->data.num;
			tem.name=t->data.name;
			cout << "\t\t\t确认修改?(1 是 0 否)" << endl;
			cout << "\t\t\t请选择【0-1】:";
			cin >> sel;
			while (sel < 0 || sel>1)
			{
				cout << "\t\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】:";
				cin >> sel;
			}
			if (sel == 0);
			else if (sel == 1)
			{
				t->data = tem;
				cout << "\t\t\t修改成功!" << endl;
				Save_LinkList(L); //将改动保存至文件中
			}
		}
		cout << "\n\t\t\t";
		system("pause");
		Delete_LinkList(L);
	}
	else if (sel == 3) return;
}
/*学生信息显示函数*/
void Print_LinkList(const LinkList& L)
{
	system("cls");
	cout << "\t\t\t***************学生信息***************" << endl;
	Node* t = L->next;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t学号\t" << "姓名\t" << "联系电话" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	while (t)
	{
		cout << "\t\t\t" << t->data.num << "\t" << t->data.name << "\t" << t->data.phonenum<< endl;
		t = t->next;
	}
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t";
	system("pause");
}
/*排序函数中sort函数的第三个参数*/
bool compare(const ElemType& t1, const ElemType& t2)
{
	return t1.num < t2.num;
}
/*排序函数*/
void Sort_LinkList(LinkList& L)
{
	system("cls");
	cout << "\t\t\t***************排序功能***************" << endl;
	Node* p = L;
	int cnt = 0, i = 0;
	while (p->next)
	{
		p = p->next;
		cnt++;
	}
	ElemType* arr = new ElemType[cnt];
	p = L;
	while (p->next)
	{
		p = p->next;
		arr[i++] = p->data;
	}
	sort(arr, arr + cnt, compare);
	p = L, i = 0;
	while (p->next)
	{
		p = p->next;
		p->data = arr[i++];
//		p->data.num = i;
	}
	cout << "\t\t\t对学生信息进行(学号)排序并整理如下:" << endl;
	Node* t = L->next;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t学号\t" << "姓名\t" << "联系电话" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	while (t)
	{
		cout << "\t\t\t" << t->data.num << "\t" << t->data.name << "\t" << t->data.phonenum << endl;
		t = t->next;
	}
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	Save_LinkList(L); //改动保存至文件中
	cout << "\t\t\t";
	system("pause");
}
/*清空函数*/
void Clear_LinkList(LinkList& L)
{
	int sel = 0;
	system("cls");
	cout << "\t\t\t**************清空功能(请谨慎选择)*************" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t1 确认清空学生信息" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t2 返回主菜单" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t-----------------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t请慎重选择【1-2】:";
	cin >> sel;
	while (sel < 1 || sel>2)
	{
		cout << "\t\t\t输入不合法,请重新输入【1-2】:";
		cin >> sel;
	}
	if (sel == 1)
	{
		Node* head = L;
		if (head == NULL)
		{
			return;
		}
		//清空链表,是不清空头节点的,因此从第一个有数据的节点开始释放
		Node* curNode = head->next;
		while (curNode != NULL)
		{
			//先保住下一个节点的位置
			Node* nextNode = curNode->next;
			free(curNode);
			curNode = nextNode;
		}
		//将头结点next指针置空
		head->next = NULL;
		Save_LinkList(L);
		cout << "\n\t\t\t";
		system("pause");
	}
	else if (sel == 2) return;
}
/*主控菜单函数*/
void menu(LinkList& L)
{
	char sel;
	system("cls");
	cout << "\t\t\t***********欢迎来到学生信息管理系统***********" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t你可以进行以下操作:" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|             1   添加学生信息             |" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|             2   删除学生信息             |" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|             3   修改学生信息             |" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|             4   查询学生信息             |" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|             5   显示所有学生             |" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|             6   排序                     |" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|             7   清空(慎选)             |" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|             0   退出                     |" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t请选择【0-7】:";
	cin >> sel;
	while (sel < '0' || sel>'7')
	{
		cout << "\t\t\t输入非法,请重新选择【0-7】:";
		cin >> sel;
	}
	switch (sel)
	{
	case '1':
		Create_LinkList(L);
		menu(L);
		break;
	case '2':
		Delete_LinkList(L);
		menu(L);
		break;
	case '3':
		Modify_LinkList(L);
		menu(L);
		break;
	case '4':
		Query_LinkList(L);
		menu(L);
		break;
	case '5':
		Print_LinkList(L);
		menu(L);
		break;
	case '6':
		Sort_LinkList(L);
		menu(L);
		break;
	case '7':
		Clear_LinkList(L);
		menu(L);
		break;
	case '0':
		exit(0);
	default:
		menu(L);
	}
}
 
在原理播客-通讯录系统上进行一些小修改,使之成为学生信息管理系统
运行结果
菜单页面
 
 操作一:显示所有学生
 
 操作二:添加学生信息
 
 查看是否成功
 
 进入txt文件查看
 
操作三:删除学号为1001的学生
 
菜单【5】查看
 
查看txt文件
 
操作四:修改 1002 的号码
 
 操作五:排序

 
操作六:查询信息
 
操作七:清空
 
 注:代码在dev运行生成.exe文件 可能会有小伙伴运行没有生成.txt文件的(与代码和cpp文件在同一文件下 建议给一个单独的文件夹以免找不到txt文件)没生成可以换个方法试试,顺便说一下 这是全部的代码了,复制黏贴运行即可。


















