开发环境:

ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-i386

VMware-workstation-full-10.0.2-1744117.1398244508.exe

lsb_release -a    查看ubuntu版本

ctrl+alt+a   打开控制台

du  -sh   文件/文件夹     查看文件或文件夹的大小 

su 或   su root 都是切换到root账户

su  普通用户   切换到普通用户

sudo passwd  root    普通用户给root用户设置密码

ln -s   /mnt/hgfs/shareDir/   /root/shareDir     建立超链接符号，对root下的shareDir操作就是对/mnt/hgfs/shareDir/操作

apt-get install vim   安装vim

 sudo apt-get install tftp-hpa  tftpd-hpa    安装tftp，tftp-hpa是客户端，tftpd-hpa是服务程序

安装客户端时，或许会报unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-mi

解决办法

sudo vim /etc/resolv.conf    添加nameserver 8.8.8.8

vi   /etc/apt/sources.list     将

http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/

 替换成

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu

 再执行一下   sudo apt-get update

这时候再安装tftp客户端sudo apt-get install tftp-hpa

注意：tftp客户端机器只执行sudo apt-get install tftp-hpa就行

然后客户端机子上  tftp  服务器所在机子的ip   进入tftp命令行

输入  get  文件名   就可以从服务器拉取资源

1  chmod  777  /tftpboot   为tftpboot目录赋予最高权限

2  vi /etc/xinetd.conf    这个配置文件基本不用动

# Simple configuration file for xinetd
#
# Some defaults, and include /etc/xinetd.d/

defaults
{

# Please note that you need a log_type line to be able to use log_on_success
# and log_on_failure. The default is the following :
# log_type = SYSLOG daemon info

}

includedir /etc/xinetd.d
~                           

3  vim /etc/default/tftpd-hpa    配置服务

# /etc/default/tftpd-hpa

TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="/tftpboot"
TFTP_ADDRESS="[::]:69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="-l  -c  -s"

4 重启一下服务

sudo service tftpd-hpa restart

5  vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp  

service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
wait = yes
disable = no
user = root
protocol = udp
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /tftpboot
#log_on_success += PID HOST DURATION
#log_on_failure += HOST
per_source = 11
cps =100 2
flags =IPv4
}

6 执行下面操作

sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd reload

sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

经过上面的步骤，已经安装好了tftp，下面就可以测试一下:

在客户端随便进入一个文件夹 ， 输入  tftp  serverIP

然后敲  ?   查看tftp命令

get  文件名 就可以将tftp服务器上的文件拉取下来

安装nfs

sudo apt-get install nfs-common

sudo vi /etc/exports  添加如下

/root/rootfs   *(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check

chmod 777 -R /root/rootfs

新安装的 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 64位在安装NFS服务器的时候可能会出现Not starting: portmapper is not running

sudo apt-get purge rpcbind

sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server

sudo vi /etc/exports  检查一下 下面文件是否成功添加上，之前加上，后面没了

/root/rootfs   *(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check

sudo service rpcbind start

sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

---

mount -t nfs -o nolock localhost:/root/rootfs  /mnt/

如果出现下面的错误，则执行chmod 777 /root  

mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting localhost:/root/rootfs

 到此，nfs搭建完毕

---

SSH

sudo apt-get install ssh

安装报如下错误:

root@ubuntu:/home/xuhaitao# sudo apt-get install ssh
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 ssh : Depends: openssh-server (>= 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

如果openssh-server没有启动，可以使用下面命令去启动：

sudo apt-get install openssh-client=1:6.6p1-2ubuntu1

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

如果openssh-server没有启动，可以使用下面命令去启动：

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start

ps -ef|grep ssh查看ssh

root@ubuntu:/home/xuhaitao# ps -ef|grep ssh
root      1070     1  0 20:01 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
xuhaitao  2203  2135  0 20:03 ?        00:00:00 ssh-agent
root      2815  1070  0 20:07 ?        00:00:00 sshd: xuhaitao [priv]
xuhaitao  2852  2815  0 20:08 ?        00:00:00 sshd: xuhaitao@pts/0
root      2934  2903  0 20:17 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ssh

ubuntu中配置静态IP

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1

 sudo ifconfig eth0 down
 sudo ifconfig eth0 up