一、测试环境

名称	值
cpu	12th Gen Intel® Core™ i7-12700H
操作系统	CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
内存	3G
逻辑核数	2
gcc 版本	4.8.5 20150623

二、个人理解

数据结构分为逻辑结构和物理结构（也称为存储结构）。

1、逻辑结构

逻辑结构又可以分为以下四种结构。

（1）集合结构

例如：{1,2,3,5,6}，这里面的元素除了属于一个相同的集合外，各个元素之间没有任何联系。

（2）线性结构

例如：(a)-(b)-(c)，a是b的“直接前驱”，b是a的“直接后继”。相邻元素之间是有一定的关系存在，且是一对一的。

（3）树形结构

结构中的各个元素之间存在一对多的关系，图不好画，bing一个，例如：

（4）图结构

结构中的数据元素是多对多的关系，图不好画，bing一个，例如：

2、物理结构

物理结构分为两种。

（1）顺序结构

顺序存储结构是把数据元素存放在一组地址连续的存储单元里，其数据元素间的逻辑关系和物理关系是一致的。
编写C代码时，用数组的方式实现。

（2）链式结构

链式存储结构是把数据元素存放在任意的存储单元里，这些存储单元可以是连续的，也可以是不连续的，数据元素的物理关系并不能反映其逻辑关系，因此需要借助指针来表示数据元素之间的逻辑关系。
编写C代码时，用链表的方式实现。

三、代码

1、LinearTable_OrderTable.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "LinearTable_OrderTable.h"

void PrintPretty()
{
    printf("*********************************\n");
}

void *MyMalloc(size_t size)
{
    void *Result = (void *)malloc(size);
    if(Result == NULL)
    {
        printf("malloc Function Exec Fail , Out Of Memory ,Exit!!!\n");
        exit(ExceptionExitFlag);
    }
    return Result;
}

void JudgePointerNull(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer)
{
    if(OrderTablePointer == NULL)
    {
        printf("Pointer Is Null ,Exit !\n");
        exit(ExceptionExitFlag);
    }
}

Status InitOrderTable(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer)
{
    printf("Start Init List\n");
    JudgePointerNull(OrderTablePointer);
    OrderTablePointer->ElemArray    = (ElemType *)MyMalloc(sizeof(ElemType) * ElemArrayMaxLen);
    memset(OrderTablePointer->ElemArray, '\0', sizeof(ElemType) * ElemArrayMaxLen);
    OrderTablePointer->ElemArrayLen = 0;
    printf("Init List Success !!!\n");
    PrintPretty();
    return SuccessfulFlag;
}

void DestroyOrderTable(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer)
{
    printf("Start Destroy List\n");
    JudgePointerNull(OrderTablePointer);
    free(OrderTablePointer->ElemArray);
    OrderTablePointer->ElemArray = NULL;
    free(OrderTablePointer);
    OrderTablePointer = NULL;

    printf("Destroy List Success !!!\n");
    PrintPretty();
}

void PrintOrderTable(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer)
{
    printf("Print List\n");
    JudgePointerNull(OrderTablePointer);
    int i;
    printf("ElemArray    : ");
    for(i=0; i<ElemArrayMaxLen -1; i++)
    {
        printf("%c ,",OrderTablePointer->ElemArray[i]);
    }
    printf("%c \n",OrderTablePointer->ElemArray[i]);
    printf("ElemArrayLen : %d\n",OrderTablePointer->ElemArrayLen);
    PrintPretty();
}

void ClearOrderTable(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer)
{
    printf("Clear Order Table\n");
    JudgePointerNull(OrderTablePointer);
    OrderTablePointer->ElemArrayLen = 0;
    PrintPretty();
}

int GetOrderTableLen(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer)
{
    JudgePointerNull(OrderTablePointer);
    printf("Get ElemArray Len : %d\n",OrderTablePointer->ElemArrayLen);
    PrintPretty();
    return OrderTablePointer->ElemArrayLen;
}

int JudgeOrderTableIsEmpty(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer)
{
    JudgePointerNull(OrderTablePointer);
    if(OrderTablePointer->ElemArrayLen == 0)
    {
        printf("Order Table Is Empty\n");
        PrintPretty();
        return SuccessfulFlag;
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Order Table Is Not Empty\n");
        PrintPretty();
        return FailFlag;
    }
}

int GetOrderTableElem(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer, int ElemPosition, ElemType *VarElem)
{
    JudgePointerNull(OrderTablePointer);
    if(ElemPosition < 1 || ElemPosition > OrderTablePointer->ElemArrayLen)
    {
        printf("Error ElemPosition : %d, Need 1 <= ElemPosition <= ElemArrayLen(%d)\n",ElemPosition,OrderTablePointer->ElemArrayLen);
        PrintPretty();
        return FailFlag;
    }
    
    *VarElem = OrderTablePointer->ElemArray[ElemPosition-1];
    printf("Get  ElemPosition : %d Elem Successful\n",ElemPosition);
    PrintPretty();
    return SuccessfulFlag;
}

2、LinearTable_OrderTable.h

#ifndef LinearTable_OrderTable_H
#define LinearTable_OrderTable_H

#define ExceptionExitFlag -1
#define SuccessfulFlag     1
#define FailFlag           0
#define ElemArrayMaxLen   10

typedef int Status;
typedef char ElemType;
typedef struct 
{
    ElemType *ElemArray;
    int      ElemArrayLen;
}OrderTable;

void *MyMalloc(size_t size);
void PrintOrderTable(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer);
Status InitOrderTable(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer);
void DestroyOrderTable(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer);
void JudgePointerNull(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer);
void ClearOrderTable(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer);
int GetOrderTableLen(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer);
int JudgeOrderTableIsEmpty(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer);
int GetOrderTableElem(OrderTable *OrderTablePointer, int ElemPosition, ElemType *VarElem);

void PrintPretty();

#endif

3、main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "LinearTable_OrderTable.h"

int main()
{
    ElemType *VarElem = NULL;

    OrderTable *TestData = (OrderTable *)MyMalloc(sizeof(OrderTable));;
    InitOrderTable(TestData);
    PrintOrderTable(TestData);
    ClearOrderTable(TestData);
    GetOrderTableLen(TestData);
    JudgeOrderTableIsEmpty(TestData);
    GetOrderTableElem(TestData, 1, VarElem);
    DestroyOrderTable(TestData);
    return SuccessfulFlag;
}

4、makefile

CC = gcc
CFLAG_O = -c -Wall -fpic -O3
CFLAG_SO = -shared
CFLAG_EXEC = -Wall -O3
CFLAG_ALIAS = -o
RM_COMM = rm -rf
SRC_PATH = ../test_src/
EXEC_PATH = ../exec/
TEMP_PATH = ../temp/
INCLUDE_COMMAND = -I
LIB_COMMAND = -L
INCLUDE_PATH = ../include/
LIB_PATH = ../lib/
LIB_NAME = -l

#gcc -g -Wall LinearTable_OrderTable.c main.c -o Test_LinearTable_OrderTable 

all : main

main : 
        $(CC) $(CFLAG_EXEC) LinearTable_OrderTable.c main.c $(CFLAG_ALIAS) Test_LinearTable_OrderTable 

clean : 
        $(RM_COMM) Test_LinearTable_OrderTable

四、编译运行

[gbase@czg2 LinearTable_OrderTable]$ make clean
rm -rf Test_LinearTable_OrderTable

[gbase@czg2 LinearTable_OrderTable]$ make
gcc -Wall -O3 LinearTable_OrderTable.c main.c -o Test_LinearTable_OrderTable 

[gbase@czg2 LinearTable_OrderTable]$ ./Test_LinearTable_OrderTable 
Start Init List
Init List Success !!!
*********************************
Print List
ElemArray    :  , , , , , , , , , 
ElemArrayLen : 0
*********************************
Clear Order Table
*********************************
Get ElemArray Len : 0
*********************************
Order Table Is Empty
*********************************
Error ElemPosition : 1, Need 1 <= ElemPosition <= ElemArrayLen(0)
*********************************
Start Destroy List
Destroy List Success !!!
*********************************