CentOS7 离线安装 MySQL 5.7 完整版一次装好、配置齐全、开机自启、远程访问、字符集、防火墙、环境变量、日志、权限全部搞定零返工适配你的服务器CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 x86_64Java1.8 已就绪内网环境无外网一、电脑下载安装包直接复制链接浏览器下载MySQL5.7.44 稳定版glibc2.12 适配 CentOS7https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz二、上传服务器把下载好的mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz上传到服务器/usr/local/目录三、服务器一键执行全套安装脚本复制整段运行# 1. 进入目录、解压、重命名 cd /usr/local tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql # 2. 卸载系统自带mariadb避免冲突 rpm -qa | grep mariadb | xargs rpm -e --nodeps # 3. 创建mysql用户和用户组 groupadd mysql useradd -r -g mysql mysql -s /sbin/nologin # 4. 创建数据目录、日志目录、临时目录授权 mkdir -p /data/mysql /var/log/mysql /tmp/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql /data/mysql /var/log/mysql /tmp/mysql chmod -R 700 /data/mysql chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql # 5. 写入完整my.cnf配置字符集utf8mb4、端口、最大连接、日志、远程、超时、innodb优化 cat /etc/my.cnf EOF [mysqld] # 基础路径 basedir/usr/local/mysql datadir/data/mysql socket/tmp/mysql.sock pid-file/data/mysql/mysql.pid # 网络配置 port3306 bind-address0.0.0.0 skip-name-resolve # 字符集支持emoji表情 character-set-serverutf8mb4 collation-serverutf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connectSET NAMES utf8mb4 # 性能优化 max_connections1000 max_connect_errors1000 wait_timeout86400 interactive_timeout86400 innodb_buffer_pool_size1G innodb_log_file_size256M innodb_file_per_table1 # 日志 slow_query_log1 slow_query_log_file/var/log/mysql/slow.log long_query_time2 log-error/var/log/mysql/error.log # 安全 usermysql symbolic-links0 [mysqld_safe] log-error/var/log/mysql/error.log pid-file/data/mysql/mysql.pid [mysql] default-character-setutf8mb4 socket/tmp/mysql.sock EOF # 6. 添加mysql环境变量全局命令任意目录可执行mysql echo export PATH$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin /etc/profile source /etc/profile # 7. 初始化数据库生成临时密码务必记录 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --usermysql --basedir/usr/local/mysql --datadir/data/mysql # 8. 配置系统服务、开机自启 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod x /etc/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig mysqld on # 9. 启动mysql service mysqld start四、获取初始化临时密码执行后查看日志拿密码复制后面一串grep temporary password /var/log/mysql/error.log # 示例输出rootlocalhost: abc123XYZ # 密码abc123XYZ五、登录 MySQL配置密码、远程访问、权限Java 项目必配# 登录输入上面查到的临时密码 mysql -uroot -p # 依次执行下面SQL ALTER USER rootlocalhost IDENTIFIED BY Root123456; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root% IDENTIFIED BY Root123456; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; exit密码我设置强密码Root123456Java 项目连接直接用六、防火墙放行 3306 端口远程连接必须firewall-cmd --zonepublic --add-port3306/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload七、常用命令全部给你备好# 启动 service mysqld start # 停止 service mysqld stop # 重启 service mysqld restart # 查看状态 service mysqld status # 开机自启已配置重启服务器自动运行