05. date 类 - 处理日期概述date类是 datetime 模块中专门处理日期年、月、日的类不包含时间和时区信息。它是日常日期操作中最常用的类之一。维度内容What处理日期年、月、日的类Why专门处理日历日期不关心具体时间When生日、节假日、日期范围、日历计算Wherefrom datetime import dateWho需要处理日期而非时间的开发者Howd date(2026, 4, 19)1. date 类基础1.1 创建 date 对象fromdatetimeimportdateimporttime# 方式1直接指定年月日d1date(2026,4,19)print(d1)# 2026-04-19# 方式2获取当前日期todaydate.today()print(today)# 2026-04-19# 方式3从时间戳创建timestamptime.time()d2date.fromtimestamp(timestamp)print(d2)# 2026-04-19# 方式4从 ISO 格式字符串创建Python 3.7d3date.fromisoformat(2026-04-19)print(d3)# 2026-04-19# 方式5从序数创建公元1年1月1日为1d4date.fromordinal(738264)print(d4)# 2026-04-191.2 最小和最大日期fromdatetimeimportdate# 最小日期year1, month1, day1min_datedate.minprint(f最小日期:{min_date})# 0001-01-01# 最大日期year9999, month12, day31max_datedate.maxprint(f最大日期:{max_date})# 9999-12-31# 最小时间间隔resolutiondate.resolutionprint(f分辨率:{resolution})# 1 day, 0:00:002. date 属性fromdatetimeimportdate ddate(2026,4,19)print(f年份:{d.year})# 2026print(f月份:{d.month})# 4print(f日期:{d.day})# 193. date 实例方法3.1 replace() - 替换部分字段fromdatetimeimportdate ddate(2026,4,19)# 替换年份print(d.replace(year2027))# 2027-04-19# 替换月份print(d.replace(month12))# 2026-12-19# 替换日期print(d.replace(day1))# 2026-04-01# 同时替换多个print(d.replace(year2025,month5,day10))# 2025-05-103.2 timetuple() - 转换为时间元组fromdatetimeimportdate ddate(2026,4,19)td.timetuple()print(f时间元组:{t})# time.struct_time(tm_year2026, tm_mon4, tm_mday19, tm_hour0, tm_min0, tm_sec0, tm_wday6, tm_yday109, tm_isdst-1)print(f年:{t.tm_year})print(f月:{t.tm_mon})print(f日:{t.tm_mday})print(f星期0周一:{t.tm_wday})print(f年中的第几天:{t.tm_yday})3.3 toordinal() - 转换为序数fromdatetimeimportdate ddate(2026,4,19)ordinald.toordinal()print(f序数:{ordinal})# 从公元1年1月1日开始的天数# 从序数恢复d2date.fromordinal(ordinal)print(f恢复:{d2})# 2026-04-193.4 weekday() 和 isoweekday() - 获取星期fromdatetimeimportdate ddate(2026,4,19)# 周日# weekday(): 周一0, 周日6print(fweekday():{d.weekday()})# 6# isoweekday(): 周一1, 周日7print(fisoweekday():{d.isoweekday()})# 7# 获取星期名称weekdays[周一,周二,周三,周四,周五,周六,周日]print(f星期:{weekdays[d.weekday()]})3.5 isoformat() - ISO 格式字符串fromdatetimeimportdate ddate(2026,4,19)print(d.isoformat())# 2026-04-193.6 ctime() - C 语言格式字符串fromdatetimeimportdate ddate(2026,4,19)print(d.ctime())# Sun Apr 19 00:00:00 20263.7 strftime() - 自定义格式化fromdatetimeimportdate ddate(2026,4,19)print(d.strftime(%Y年%m月%d日))# 2026年04月19日print(d.strftime(%Y-%m-%d))# 2026-04-19print(d.strftime(%Y/%m/%d))# 2026/04/19print(d.strftime(%d-%m-%Y))# 19-04-2026print(d.strftime(%b %d, %Y))# Apr 19, 2026print(d.strftime(%A))# Sunday4. date 类方法4.1 today() - 获取当前日期fromdatetimeimportdate todaydate.today()print(f今天:{today})4.2 fromtimestamp() - 从时间戳创建fromdatetimeimportdateimporttime timestamptime.time()ddate.fromtimestamp(timestamp)print(d)4.3 fromisoformat() - 从 ISO 字符串创建fromdatetimeimportdate ddate.fromisoformat(2026-04-19)print(d)# 2026-04-194.4 fromordinal() - 从序数创建fromdatetimeimportdate# 公元1年1月1日是第1天ddate.fromordinal(1)print(d)# 0001-01-015. date 运算5.1 日期加减fromdatetimeimportdate,timedelta todaydate(2026,4,19)# 加法tomorrowtodaytimedelta(days1)yesterdaytoday-timedelta(days1)next_weektodaytimedelta(weeks1)last_monthtoday-timedelta(days30)print(f今天:{today})print(f明天:{tomorrow})print(f昨天:{yesterday})print(f下周:{next_week})print(f30天前:{last_month})5.2 日期差值fromdatetimeimportdate startdate(2026,1,1)enddate(2026,12,31)diffend-startprint(f天数差:{diff.days})# 3645.3 日期比较fromdatetimeimportdate d1date(2026,4,19)d2date(2026,4,20)d3date(2026,4,19)print(fd1 d2:{d1d2})# Trueprint(fd1 d2:{d1d2})# Falseprint(fd1 d3:{d1d3})# True6. 实用示例6.1 判断闰年fromdatetimeimportdatedefis_leap_year(year):判断是否为闰年returnyear%40and(year%100!0oryear%4000)# 测试years[2024,2025,2026,2100,2400]foryinyears:print(f{y}年是闰年:{is_leap_year(y)})6.2 获取月份天数fromdatetimeimportdatefromcalendarimportmonthrangedefget_month_days(year,month):获取月份的天数returnmonthrange(year,month)[1]print(f2026年4月有{get_month_days(2026,4)}天)6.3 日期范围遍历fromdatetimeimportdate,timedelta startdate(2026,4,1)enddate(2026,4,7)currentstartwhilecurrentend:print(current.strftime(%Y-%m-%d %A))currenttimedelta(days1)6.4 计算两个日期之间的天数fromdatetimeimportdatedefdays_between(d1,d2):计算两个日期之间的天数绝对值returnabs((d2-d1).days)startdate(2026,1,1)enddate(2026,12,31)print(f2026年天数:{days_between(start,end)})# 3646.5 获取本月第一天和最后一天fromdatetimeimportdatefromcalendarimportmonthrangedefget_month_first_last(year,month):获取月份的第一天和最后一天first_daydate(year,month,1)last_daydate(year,month,monthrange(year,month)[1])returnfirst_day,last_day first,lastget_month_first_last(2026,4)print(f4月第一天:{first})print(f4月最后一天:{last})6.6 计算年龄fromdatetimeimportdatedefcalculate_age(birth_date):计算年龄todaydate.today()agetoday.year-birth_date.year# 如果今年生日还没过减1if(today.month,today.day)(birth_date.month,birth_date.day):age-1returnage birthdate(1990,5,15)print(f年龄:{calculate_age(birth)})7. 完整示例fromdatetimeimportdate,timedeltaprint(*50)print(date 类综合示例)print(*50)# 1. 创建日期对象print(\n1. 创建日期对象)d1date(2026,4,19)d2date.today()print(f指定日期:{d1})print(f当前日期:{d2})# 2. 日期信息print(\n2. 日期信息)print(f年份:{d1.year})print(f月份:{d1.month})print(f日期:{d1.day})print(f星期:{d1.strftime(%A)})print(f年中第{d1.timetuple().tm_yday}天)# 3. 日期运算print(\n3. 日期运算)todaydate.today()tomorrowtodaytimedelta(days1)yesterdaytoday-timedelta(days1)next_weektodaytimedelta(weeks1)print(f今天:{today})print(f明天:{tomorrow})print(f昨天:{yesterday})print(f下周:{next_week})# 4. 日期格式化print(\n4. 日期格式化)print(fISO格式:{today.isoformat()})print(f中文格式:{today.strftime(%Y年%m月%d日)})print(f英文格式:{today.strftime(%b %d, %Y)})# 5. 日期比较print(\n5. 日期比较)d1date(2026,4,19)d2date(2026,5,1)print(f{d1}{d2}:{d1d2})print(f{d1}{d2}:{d1d2})print(f相差天数:{(d2-d1).days}天)# 6. 实用功能print(\n6. 实用功能)birthdate(1990,4,19)agecalculate_age(birth)print(f生日:{birth})print(f年龄:{age}岁)# 判断是否闰年year2024print(f{year}年是闰年:{year%40and(year%100!0oryear%4000)})8. 常见陷阱陷阱说明解决方案无效日期date(2026, 2, 29)会报错使用monthrange检查月份范围月份必须是 1-12验证输入日期范围日期必须在有效范围内验证输入时区忽略date 不包含时区信息使用 datetime 处理时区9. 总结方法/属性用途date(year, month, day)创建日期对象date.today()获取当前日期year,month,day获取年月日weekday()获取星期0周一isoweekday()获取星期1周一replace()替换部分字段strftime()格式化输出/- timedelta日期加减date1 - date2日期差值