从零到一用Activiti 7.1.0.M5 MyBatis-Plus构建一个可运行的请假审批Demo附完整代码在企业内部管理系统中请假审批是最常见的业务流程之一。传统的手工审批方式效率低下而通过工作流引擎实现自动化审批可以显著提升流程效率。本文将手把手教你如何用Activiti 7.1.0.M5和MyBatis-Plus构建一个完整的请假审批系统从环境搭建到API实现涵盖全流程开发要点。1. 环境准备与项目初始化1.1 技术选型与依赖配置我们选择以下技术栈构建请假审批系统工作流引擎Activiti 7.1.0.M5ORM框架MyBatis-Plus 3.3.1数据库PostgreSQL 13.12Web框架Spring Boot 2.5.0在pom.xml中添加关键依赖dependencies !-- Activiti Starter -- dependency groupIdorg.activiti/groupId artifactIdactiviti-spring-boot-starter/artifactId version7.1.0.M5/version exclusions exclusion groupIdorg.mybatis/groupId artifactIdmybatis/artifactId /exclusion /exclusions /dependency !-- MyBatis-Plus -- dependency groupIdcom.baomidou/groupId artifactIdmybatis-plus-boot-starter/artifactId version3.3.1/version /dependency !-- PostgreSQL驱动 -- dependency groupIdorg.postgresql/groupId artifactIdpostgresql/artifactId /dependency /dependencies1.2 数据库配置在application.yml中配置数据库连接spring: datasource: url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/activiti_demo username: postgres password: yourpassword driver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driver activiti: database-schema-update: true history-level: full db-history-used: true提示database-schema-update: true会在应用启动时自动创建Activiti所需的表结构2. 业务流程建模与实现2.1 请假流程设计我们设计一个典型的请假审批流程员工提交请假申请部门经理审批HR备案流程结束对应的BPMN流程图如下使用Activiti Modeler设计bpmn2:definitions bpmn2:process idleaveProcess name请假流程 bpmn2:startEvent idstartEvent name开始/ bpmn2:userTask idapplyTask name提交请假申请/ bpmn2:userTask idmanagerApproveTask name部门经理审批/ bpmn2:userTask idhrRecordTask nameHR备案/ bpmn2:endEvent idendEvent name结束/ !-- 流程连线 -- bpmn2:sequenceFlow sourceRefstartEvent targetRefapplyTask/ bpmn2:sequenceFlow sourceRefapplyTask targetRefmanagerApproveTask/ bpmn2:sequenceFlow sourceRefmanagerApproveTask targetRefhrRecordTask/ bpmn2:sequenceFlow sourceRefhrRecordTask targetRefendEvent/ /bpmn2:process /bpmn2:definitions2.2 流程部署实现创建流程部署服务类Service public class ProcessDeployService { Autowired private RepositoryService repositoryService; public void deployProcess(String processName, String bpmnXml) { Deployment deployment repositoryService.createDeployment() .name(processName) .addString(processName .bpmn20.xml, bpmnXml) .deploy(); System.out.println(流程部署成功部署ID deployment.getId()); } }3. 业务实体与数据层实现3.1 请假实体设计使用MyBatis-Plus实现请假单实体Data TableName(t_leave_application) public class LeaveApplication { TableId(type IdType.AUTO) private Long id; private String employeeId; private String employeeName; private Date startDate; private Date endDate; private Integer leaveType; private String reason; private String processInstanceId; private Integer status; }3.2 MyBatis-Plus Mapper实现public interface LeaveApplicationMapper extends BaseMapperLeaveApplication { Select(SELECT * FROM t_leave_application WHERE process_instance_id #{processInstanceId}) LeaveApplication findByProcessInstanceId(String processInstanceId); }4. 服务层与API实现4.1 请假申请服务Service Transactional public class LeaveService { Autowired private RuntimeService runtimeService; Autowired private TaskService taskService; Autowired private LeaveApplicationMapper leaveApplicationMapper; public String startLeaveProcess(LeaveApplication leaveApplication) { // 保存请假单 leaveApplication.setStatus(0); // 0-待审批 leaveApplicationMapper.insert(leaveApplication); // 启动流程实例 MapString, Object variables new HashMap(); variables.put(employeeId, leaveApplication.getEmployeeId()); variables.put(leaveApplicationId, leaveApplication.getId()); ProcessInstance instance runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey( leaveProcess, variables); // 关联流程实例ID leaveApplication.setProcessInstanceId(instance.getProcessInstanceId()); leaveApplicationMapper.updateById(leaveApplication); return instance.getProcessInstanceId(); } }4.2 审批API实现RestController RequestMapping(/api/leave) public class LeaveController { Autowired private LeaveService leaveService; PostMapping(/apply) public Result applyLeave(RequestBody LeaveApplication leaveApplication) { String processId leaveService.startLeaveProcess(leaveApplication); return Result.success(processId); } PostMapping(/approve/{taskId}) public Result approveLeave(PathVariable String taskId, RequestParam boolean approved) { MapString, Object variables new HashMap(); variables.put(approved, approved); taskService.complete(taskId, variables); return Result.success(); } }5. 流程任务查询与处理5.1 任务查询服务Service public class TaskQueryService { Autowired private TaskService taskService; public ListTask getUserTasks(String userId) { return taskService.createTaskQuery() .taskCandidateOrAssigned(userId) .list(); } public ListTask getTasksByProcessInstanceId(String processInstanceId) { return taskService.createTaskQuery() .processInstanceId(processInstanceId) .list(); } }5.2 前端任务列表展示典型的前端任务列表数据结构{ tasks: [ { id: task1, name: 部门经理审批, createTime: 2023-05-10T10:00:00, processInstanceId: proc1, formKey: manager_approval } ] }6. 系统集成与测试6.1 测试用例编写SpringBootTest public class LeaveProcessTest { Autowired private LeaveService leaveService; Autowired private TaskQueryService taskQueryService; Test public void testLeaveProcess() { // 1. 创建请假申请 LeaveApplication leave new LeaveApplication(); leave.setEmployeeId(emp001); leave.setStartDate(new Date()); leave.setEndDate(DateUtils.addDays(new Date(), 3)); leave.setLeaveType(1); leave.setReason(年假); String processId leaveService.startLeaveProcess(leave); assertNotNull(processId); // 2. 查询部门经理待办任务 ListTask managerTasks taskQueryService.getUserTasks(manager001); assertEquals(1, managerTasks.size()); // 3. 部门经理审批 leaveService.approveLeave(managerTasks.get(0).getId(), true); // 4. 查询HR待办任务 ListTask hrTasks taskQueryService.getUserTasks(hr001); assertEquals(1, hrTasks.size()); } }6.2 接口测试数据使用Postman测试请假申请接口POST /api/leave/apply Content-Type: application/json { employeeId: emp001, employeeName: 张三, startDate: 2023-05-10, endDate: 2023-05-12, leaveType: 1, reason: 病假 }7. 高级功能扩展7.1 动态任务分配在实际项目中审批人可能需要动态指定。可以通过监听器实现Component public class LeaveTaskAssignmentListener implements TaskListener { Override public void notify(DelegateTask delegateTask) { if (managerApproveTask.equals(delegateTask.getTaskDefinitionKey())) { // 根据业务规则动态设置审批人 String employeeId (String) delegateTask.getVariable(employeeId); String managerId findManagerByEmployee(employeeId); delegateTask.setAssignee(managerId); } } private String findManagerByEmployee(String employeeId) { // 实现查找员工对应的部门经理逻辑 return manager001; } }7.2 流程变量管理Activiti提供了强大的流程变量管理能力// 设置流程变量 runtimeService.setVariable(processInstanceId, approvalComment, 同意); // 获取流程变量 String comment (String) runtimeService.getVariable(processInstanceId, approvalComment);8. 系统监控与维护8.1 流程实例监控public ListProcessInstance getRunningProcessInstances() { return runtimeService.createProcessInstanceQuery() .processDefinitionKey(leaveProcess) .list(); } public HistoricProcessInstance getProcessHistory(String processInstanceId) { return historyService.createHistoricProcessInstanceQuery() .processInstanceId(processInstanceId) .singleResult(); }8.2 性能优化建议数据库索引优化为ACT_RU_TASK表的PROC_INST_ID_字段添加索引批量操作使用批量API处理大量任务缓存配置启用Activiti二级缓存CREATE INDEX idx_act_ru_task_procinst ON ACT_RU_TASK(PROC_INST_ID_);9. 常见问题解决方案9.1 事务管理问题Activiti与Spring事务集成时需要注意Transactional public void completeTaskWithBusinessLogic(String taskId) { // 业务逻辑处理 businessService.updateStatus(); // 完成任务 taskService.complete(taskId); // 如果业务逻辑抛出异常整个事务会回滚 }9.2 多数据源配置当业务数据与Activiti数据需要分开存储时spring: datasource: url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/business_db username: business_user password: business_pwd activiti: datasource: url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/activiti_db username: activiti_user password: activiti_pwd10. 完整项目结构参考leave-approval-demo ├── src/main/java │ ├── com/example/demo │ │ ├── config # 配置类 │ │ ├── controller # 控制器 │ │ ├── entity # 实体类 │ │ ├── mapper # MyBatis Mapper │ │ ├── service # 服务层 │ │ ├── listener # 流程监听器 │ │ └── DemoApplication.java ├── src/main/resources │ ├── static # 静态资源 │ ├── templates # 模板文件 │ └── application.yml # 配置文件 └── pom.xml在实际开发中我们还需要考虑异常处理、日志记录、权限控制等通用功能。这个Demo项目已经包含了Activiti与MyBatis-Plus整合的核心代码可以作为企业OA系统开发的基础框架。