C++之STL---set及map的基本使用

news2026/5/6 3:59:46
是一种按照元素插入顺序存储数据的容器。元素存储在连续或逻辑上连续的空间中通过索引或迭代器可以顺序访问每个元素。常见的序列式容器包括数组、向量vector、列表list、双端队列deque等。元素按照插入顺序依次存储。例如在vector中元素存储在连续的内存空间中在list中元素通过指针或引用连接在一起。存储结构相对简单主要关注元素的顺序和连续性。关联式容器是一种基于键值对存储数据的容器。每个元素由键Key和值Value组成键是唯一的通过键可以快速定位到对应的值。常见的关联式容器包括哈希表unordered_map、平衡二叉树map、集合set等。元素存储方式取决于具体的实现。例如map和set通常基于平衡二叉树如红黑树实现元素按照键的顺序存储。unordered_map和unordered_set基于哈希表实现元素存储在哈希桶中通过哈希函数快速定位。存储结构更复杂但能通过键快速访问元素。二.set在这里插入图片描述2.1set基本介绍set的声明如下T就是set底层关键字的类型代码语言javascriptAI代码解释template class T, // set::key_type/value_type class Compare lessT, // set::key_compare/value_compare class Alloc allocatorT // set::allocator_type class set;• set默认要求T⽀持⼩于⽐较如果不⽀持或者想按⾃⼰的需求⾛可以⾃⾏实现仿函数传给第⼆个模版参数• set底层存储数据的内存是从空间配置器申请的如果需要可以⾃⼰实现内存池传给第三个参 数。• ⼀般情况下我们都不需要传后两个模版参数。• set底层是⽤红⿊树实现增删查效率是OlogN 迭代器遍历是⾛的搜索树的中序所以是有序的。2.2set的构造和迭代器在这里插入图片描述代码语言javascriptAI代码解释// empty (1) ⽆参默认构造 explicit set (const key_compare comp key_compare(), const allocator_type alloc allocator_type()); // range (2) 迭代器区间构造 template class InputIterator set (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const key_compare comp key_compare(), const allocator_type allocator_type()); // copy (3) 拷⻉构造 set (const set x); // initializer list (5) initializer 列表构造 set (initializer_listvalue_type il, const key_compare comp key_compare(), const allocator_type alloc allocator_type());一、set的构造函数set的构造函数有多种重载形式用于创建不同类型的set容器。以下是常见的构造方式1. 默认构造代码语言javascriptAI代码解释std::setint mySet;创建一个空的set默认使用小于操作符对元素进行排序。2. 指定比较函数代码语言javascriptAI代码解释std::setint, std::greaterint mySet; // 使用大于操作符排序可以通过自定义比较函数来改变元素的排序方式。例如使用std::greater可以让元素按降序排列。3. 从另一个容器初始化代码语言javascriptAI代码解释std::vectorint vec {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9}; std::setint mySet(vec.begin(), vec.end());使用一个范围如另一个容器的迭代器范围来初始化set。重复的元素会被自动去除。4. 使用初始化列表代码语言javascriptAI代码解释std::setint mySet {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9};使用花括号{}包裹的初始化列表来创建set。同样重复的元素会被自动去除。5. 拷贝构造和移动构造代码语言javascriptAI代码解释std::setint original {1, 2, 3}; std::setint copy(original); // 拷贝构造 std::setint moved(std::move(original)); // 移动构造拷贝构造会创建一个与原set完全相同的副本。移动构造会将原set的内容移动到新set中原set会变成空。二、set的迭代器set的迭代器用于遍历容器中的元素。由于set是基于平衡二叉树实现的迭代器会按照元素的排序顺序访问元素。代码语言javascriptAI代码解释// 迭代器是⼀个双向迭代器 iterator - a bidirectional iterator to const value_type // 正向迭代器 iterator begin(); iterator end(); // 反向迭代器 reverse_iterator rbegin(); reverse_iterator rend();1. 获取迭代器begin()和end()分别返回指向第一个元素和最后一个元素之后位置的迭代器。代码语言javascriptAI代码解释auto it mySet.begin(); // 指向第一个元素 auto it_end mySet.end(); // 指向最后一个元素之后的位置2. 遍历set代码语言javascriptAI代码解释std::setint mySet {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // 使用迭代器遍历 for (auto it mySet.begin(); it ! mySet.end(); it) { std::cout *it ; } std::cout std::endl; // 使用范围 for 循环 for (const auto elem : mySet) { std::cout elem ; } std::cout std::endl;迭代器支持递增操作可以依次访问每个元素。范围for循环是 C11 引入的简化语法可以直接遍历容器中的元素。pwe.symysss.cn/82260.shtmpwe.symysss.cn/40648.shtmpwe.symysss.cn/08688.shtmpwe.symysss.cn/44846.shtmpwe.symysss.cn/26228.shtmpwe.symysss.cn/24802.shtmpwe.symysss.cn/04406.shtmpwe.symysss.cn/00646.shtmpwe.symysss.cn/86282.shtmpwe.symysss.cn/60602.shtmpwr.symysss.cn/80040.shtmpwr.symysss.cn/20228.shtmpwr.symysss.cn/80662.shtmpwr.symysss.cn/06086.shtmpwr.symysss.cn/48802.shtmpwr.symysss.cn/20864.shtmpwr.symysss.cn/40024.shtmpwr.symysss.cn/88606.shtmpwr.symysss.cn/24620.shtmpwr.symysss.cn/66606.shtmpwt.symysss.cn/02860.shtmpwt.symysss.cn/86602.shtmpwt.symysss.cn/06424.shtmpwt.symysss.cn/20086.shtmpwt.symysss.cn/26426.shtmpwt.symysss.cn/26802.shtmpwt.symysss.cn/68206.shtmpwt.symysss.cn/84006.shtmpwt.symysss.cn/48622.shtmpwt.symysss.cn/48068.shtmpwy.symysss.cn/62062.shtmpwy.symysss.cn/28246.shtmpwy.symysss.cn/48884.shtmpwy.symysss.cn/06622.shtmpwy.symysss.cn/86082.shtmpwy.symysss.cn/82820.shtmpwy.symysss.cn/88200.shtmpwy.symysss.cn/80228.shtmpwy.symysss.cn/00426.shtmpwy.symysss.cn/68466.shtmpwu.symysss.cn/48444.shtmpwu.symysss.cn/60428.shtmpwu.symysss.cn/60682.shtmpwu.symysss.cn/48808.shtmpwu.symysss.cn/80648.shtmpwu.symysss.cn/86404.shtmpwu.symysss.cn/44426.shtmpwu.symysss.cn/08482.shtmpwu.symysss.cn/48864.shtmpwu.symysss.cn/68604.shtmpwi.symysss.cn/20626.shtmpwi.symysss.cn/86820.shtmpwi.symysss.cn/86688.shtmpwi.symysss.cn/62086.shtmpwi.symysss.cn/62842.shtmpwi.symysss.cn/60046.shtmpwi.symysss.cn/44666.shtmpwi.symysss.cn/24460.shtmpwi.symysss.cn/24080.shtmpwi.symysss.cn/68264.shtmpwo.symysss.cn/88028.shtmpwo.symysss.cn/40068.shtmpwo.symysss.cn/66886.shtmpwo.symysss.cn/40082.shtmpwo.symysss.cn/04062.shtmpwo.symysss.cn/68804.shtmpwo.symysss.cn/42460.shtmpwo.symysss.cn/28068.shtmpwo.symysss.cn/46628.shtmpwo.symysss.cn/86446.shtmpwp.symysss.cn/20226.shtmpwp.symysss.cn/62668.shtmpwp.symysss.cn/66020.shtmpwp.symysss.cn/60622.shtmpwp.symysss.cn/00808.shtmpwp.symysss.cn/60620.shtmpwp.symysss.cn/20886.shtmpwp.symysss.cn/22488.shtmpwp.symysss.cn/86460.shtmpwp.symysss.cn/00222.shtmpwa.symysss.cn/46446.shtmpwa.symysss.cn/06426.shtmpwa.symysss.cn/46808.shtmpwa.symysss.cn/46288.shtmpwa.symysss.cn/40220.shtmpwa.symysss.cn/26404.shtmpwa.symysss.cn/75913.shtmpwa.symysss.cn/02242.shtmpwa.symysss.cn/00282.shtmpwa.symysss.cn/08080.shtmpws.symysss.cn/66660.shtmpws.symysss.cn/46040.shtmpws.symysss.cn/79977.shtmpws.symysss.cn/66686.shtmpws.symysss.cn/66002.shtmpws.symysss.cn/28408.shtmpws.symysss.cn/60062.shtmpws.symysss.cn/13913.shtmpws.symysss.cn/24282.shtmpws.symysss.cn/35159.shtmpwd.symysss.cn/02242.shtmpwd.symysss.cn/46682.shtmpwd.symysss.cn/66800.shtmpwd.symysss.cn/20440.shtmpwd.symysss.cn/06066.shtmpwd.symysss.cn/42286.shtmpwd.symysss.cn/15135.shtmpwd.symysss.cn/62642.shtmpwd.symysss.cn/00064.shtmpwd.symysss.cn/68082.shtmpwf.symysss.cn/46440.shtmpwf.symysss.cn/06428.shtmpwf.symysss.cn/48424.shtmpwf.symysss.cn/64884.shtmpwf.symysss.cn/44864.shtmpwf.symysss.cn/88266.shtmpwf.symysss.cn/48862.shtmpwf.symysss.cn/62664.shtmpwf.symysss.cn/60840.shtmpwf.symysss.cn/00246.shtmpwg.symysss.cn/20040.shtmpwg.symysss.cn/55991.shtmpwg.symysss.cn/86480.shtmpwg.symysss.cn/20424.shtmpwg.symysss.cn/46826.shtmpwg.symysss.cn/64048.shtmpwg.symysss.cn/80440.shtmpwg.symysss.cn/80424.shtmpwg.symysss.cn/86448.shtmpwg.symysss.cn/80080.shtmpwh.symysss.cn/62886.shtmpwh.symysss.cn/66020.shtmpwh.symysss.cn/40886.shtmpwh.symysss.cn/08600.shtmpwh.symysss.cn/68264.shtmpwh.symysss.cn/80040.shtmpwh.symysss.cn/66640.shtmpwh.symysss.cn/44068.shtmpwh.symysss.cn/28628.shtmpwh.symysss.cn/48868.shtmpwj.symysss.cn/60480.shtmpwj.symysss.cn/86842.shtmpwj.symysss.cn/40062.shtmpwj.symysss.cn/80284.shtmpwj.symysss.cn/64802.shtmpwj.symysss.cn/80266.shtmpwj.symysss.cn/42242.shtmpwj.symysss.cn/80606.shtmpwj.symysss.cn/73557.shtmpwj.symysss.cn/64040.shtmpwk.symysss.cn/06222.shtmpwk.symysss.cn/22068.shtmpwk.symysss.cn/71391.shtmpwk.symysss.cn/68808.shtmpwk.symysss.cn/62822.shtmpwk.symysss.cn/48422.shtmpwk.symysss.cn/88826.shtmpwk.symysss.cn/51739.shtmpwk.symysss.cn/99597.shtmpwk.symysss.cn/00048.shtmpwl.symysss.cn/04446.shtmpwl.symysss.cn/88026.shtmpwl.symysss.cn/68424.shtmpwl.symysss.cn/46484.shtmpwl.symysss.cn/26268.shtmpwl.symysss.cn/60840.shtmpwl.symysss.cn/82884.shtmpwl.symysss.cn/26682.shtmpwl.symysss.cn/84446.shtmpwl.symysss.cn/80226.shtmpwz.symysss.cn/04400.shtmpwz.symysss.cn/40080.shtmpwz.symysss.cn/86488.shtmpwz.symysss.cn/82222.shtmpwz.symysss.cn/40084.shtmpwz.symysss.cn/24424.shtmpwz.symysss.cn/71917.shtmpwz.symysss.cn/02824.shtmpwz.symysss.cn/08444.shtmpwz.symysss.cn/06886.shtmpwx.symysss.cn/68440.shtmpwx.symysss.cn/40220.shtmpwx.symysss.cn/22440.shtmpwx.symysss.cn/20246.shtmpwx.symysss.cn/88446.shtmpwx.symysss.cn/88062.shtmpwx.symysss.cn/44622.shtmpwx.symysss.cn/42244.shtmpwx.symysss.cn/28864.shtmpwx.symysss.cn/68228.shtmpwc.symysss.cn/02840.shtmpwc.symysss.cn/60864.shtmpwc.symysss.cn/08606.shtmpwc.symysss.cn/42808.shtmpwc.symysss.cn/00266.shtmpwc.symysss.cn/02824.shtmpwc.symysss.cn/80840.shtmpwc.symysss.cn/06480.shtmpwc.symysss.cn/08426.shtmpwc.s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