说明官网地址https://github.com/facebookresearch/dinov3效果模型信息Model Properties ------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- Inputs ------------------------- nameinput tensorFloat[-1, 3, -1, -1] --------------------------------------------------------------- Outputs ------------------------- namepatch_tokens tensorFloat[-1, -1, 1024] ---------------------------------------------------------------项目代码using Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime; using Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Tensors; using OpenCvSharp; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Imaging; using System.Linq; using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace Onnx_Demo { public partial class Form1 : Form { //配置 private readonly string modelPath model/dinov3_vitl16.onnx; private const int InputSize 768; // 必须与导出时一致 private const int PatchSize 16; private int GridSize InputSize / PatchSize; // 48 private const int FeatureDim 1024; // ViT-Large private InferenceSession onnxSession; private float[,] patchFeatures; // [NumPatches, FeatureDim] private Mat originalImage; // 原始图像 (BGR) private bool featuresReady false; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); InitializeModel(); AttachEvents(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string imagePath test_img/1.jpg; originalImage Cv2.ImRead(imagePath, ImreadModes.Color); pictureBox1.Image Image.FromFile(imagePath); } private void InitializeModel() { try { var opts new SessionOptions(); opts.LogSeverityLevel OrtLoggingLevel.ORT_LOGGING_LEVEL_WARNING; opts.AppendExecutionProvider_CPU(0); onnxSession new InferenceSession(modelPath, opts); LogMessage($模型加载成功: {modelPath}); } catch (Exception ex) { LogMessage($模型加载失败: {ex.Message}); MessageBox.Show(请确保 dinov3_vitl16.onnx 文件存在。, 错误, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); } } private void AttachEvents() { // pictureBox1 单击事件选点 this.pictureBox1.MouseClick PictureBox1_MouseClick; } private void LogMessage(string msg) { if (textBox1.InvokeRequired) textBox1.Invoke(new Action(() textBox1.AppendText(${DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss} - {msg}\r\n))); else textBox1.AppendText(${DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss} - {msg}\r\n); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { using (OpenFileDialog ofd new OpenFileDialog()) { ofd.Filter 图像文件|*.bmp;*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.png; if (ofd.ShowDialog() DialogResult.OK) { string imagePath ofd.FileName; originalImage Cv2.ImRead(imagePath, ImreadModes.Color); pictureBox1.Image Image.FromFile(imagePath); featuresReady false; pictureBox2.Image null; LogMessage($已加载图片: {imagePath}); } } } private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (originalImage null) { MessageBox.Show(请先打开图片。, 提示, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning); return; } if (onnxSession null) { MessageBox.Show(模型未正确加载。, 错误, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); return; } button2.Enabled false; pictureBox2.Image null; LogMessage(开始提取特征...); Application.DoEvents(); try { // 预处理 var inputTensor Preprocess(originalImage); var inputs new ListNamedOnnxValue { NamedOnnxValue.CreateFromTensor(input, inputTensor) }; DateTime start DateTime.Now; using (var results onnxSession.Run(inputs)) { DateTime end DateTime.Now; var output results.First(o o.Name patch_tokens); var tensor output.AsTensorfloat(); int[] dims tensor.Dimensions.ToArray(); // [1, N, D] int numPatches dims[1]; int actualDim dims[2]; if (numPatches ! GridSize * GridSize) throw new Exception($Patch数量错误: 预期 {GridSize * GridSize}, 实际 {numPatches}); if (actualDim ! FeatureDim) LogMessage($特征维度 {actualDim} (预期 {FeatureDim})继续...); float[] flat tensor.ToArray(); patchFeatures new float[numPatches, actualDim]; for (int i 0; i numPatches; i) for (int j 0; j actualDim; j) patchFeatures[i, j] flat[i * actualDim j]; featuresReady true; LogMessage($特征提取完成耗时 {(end - start).TotalMilliseconds:F2} msPatch数: {numPatches}维度: {actualDim}); MessageBox.Show(特征已就绪请在左侧图片上单击选择查询点。, 提示, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); } } catch (Exception ex) { LogMessage($特征提取失败: {ex.Message}); MessageBox.Show($推理错误: {ex.Message}, 错误, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); } finally { button2.Enabled true; } } // pictureBox1 单击选点 private void PictureBox1_MouseClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { if (!featuresReady || patchFeatures null) { MessageBox.Show(请先点击“提取特征”按钮。, 提示, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); return; } if (originalImage null) return; // 获取点击位置相对于 pictureBox1 的坐标 (像素) int clickX e.X; int clickY e.Y; // 获取 pictureBox1 中实际图像区域的尺寸考虑 SizeMode Rectangle imgRect GetImageRectangle(pictureBox1); if (!imgRect.Contains(clickX, clickY)) { LogMessage(点击位置不在图像区域内。); return; } // 将点击坐标映射到原图尺寸 float scaleX (float)originalImage.Width / imgRect.Width; float scaleY (float)originalImage.Height / imgRect.Height; int origX (int)((clickX - imgRect.X) * scaleX); int origY (int)((clickY - imgRect.Y) * scaleY); origX Math.Max(0, Math.Min(origX, originalImage.Width - 1)); origY Math.Max(0, Math.Min(origY, originalImage.Height - 1)); // 根据原图坐标计算对应的 patch 索引 // 注意模型输入是 768x768 的正方形原图会被缩放至该尺寸因此坐标需要转换到 768 空间 float modelX origX * (float)InputSize / originalImage.Width; float modelY origY * (float)InputSize / originalImage.Height; int patchCol (int)(modelX / PatchSize); int patchRow (int)(modelY / PatchSize); patchCol Math.Min(patchCol, GridSize - 1); patchRow Math.Min(patchRow, GridSize - 1); int targetIdx patchRow * GridSize patchCol; LogMessage($单击位置: 原图({origX},{origY}) - patch ({patchRow},{patchCol}) 索引 {targetIdx}); // 计算相似度热力图 float[,] simMap ComputeSimilarityMap(patchFeatures, targetIdx, GridSize); // 生成热力图并显示在 pictureBox2 中 Bitmap heatmap GenerateHeatmap(simMap, originalImage.Width, originalImage.Height); pictureBox2.Image heatmap; // 可选在原图上绘制红点并刷新 pictureBox1 Image markedImage DrawMarkerOnImage(originalImage, new OpenCvSharp.Point(origX, origY)); pictureBox1.Image markedImage; } // 辅助函数 private DenseTensorfloat Preprocess(Mat bgrImage) { // BGR - RGB, resize to InputSize x InputSize Mat rgb new Mat(); Cv2.CvtColor(bgrImage, rgb, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2RGB); Mat resized new Mat(); Cv2.Resize(rgb, resized, new OpenCvSharp.Size(InputSize, InputSize)); // 归一化至 [0,1] 并减去均值除以标准差 resized.ConvertTo(resized, MatType.CV_32FC3, 1.0 / 255.0); float[] mean { 0.485f, 0.456f, 0.406f }; float[] std { 0.229f, 0.224f, 0.225f }; int h InputSize, w InputSize; float[] inputData new float[3 * h * w]; for (int y 0; y h; y) { for (int x 0; x w; x) { Vec3f pixel resized.AtVec3f(y, x); // R,G,B inputData[0 * h * w y * w x] (pixel.Item0 - mean[0]) / std[0]; inputData[1 * h * w y * w x] (pixel.Item1 - mean[1]) / std[1]; inputData[2 * h * w y * w x] (pixel.Item2 - mean[2]) / std[2]; } } resized.Dispose(); rgb.Dispose(); return new DenseTensorfloat(inputData, new[] { 1, 3, h, w }); } private float[,] ComputeSimilarityMap(float[,] feats, int targetIdx, int gridSize) { int numPatches feats.GetLength(0); int dim feats.GetLength(1); float[,] sim new float[gridSize, gridSize]; // 目标向量 float[] target new float[dim]; for (int j 0; j dim; j) target[j] feats[targetIdx, j]; float targetNorm (float)Math.Sqrt(target.Sum(v v * v)); const float eps 1e-8f; for (int idx 0; idx numPatches; idx) { float[] curr new float[dim]; for (int j 0; j dim; j) curr[j] feats[idx, j]; float currNorm (float)Math.Sqrt(curr.Sum(v v * v)); float dot 0; for (int j 0; j dim; j) dot curr[j] * target[j]; float cos dot / (currNorm * targetNorm eps); int row idx / gridSize; int col idx % gridSize; sim[row, col] cos; } return sim; } private Bitmap GenerateHeatmap(float[,] simMap, int outW, int outH) { int g GridSize; // 双线性插值上采样 float[,] upsampled BilinearUpsample(simMap, outH, outW); var colors GetViridisColormap(); Bitmap bmp new Bitmap(outW, outH); for (int y 0; y outH; y) { for (int x 0; x outW; x) { float val upsampled[y, x]; int idx (int)(val * 255); idx Math.Max(0, Math.Min(255, idx)); bmp.SetPixel(x, y, colors[idx]); } } return bmp; } private float[,] BilinearUpsample(float[,] src, int newH, int newW) { int srcH src.GetLength(0); int srcW src.GetLength(1); float[,] dst new float[newH, newW]; float scaleX (float)(srcW - 1) / newW; float scaleY (float)(srcH - 1) / newH; for (int y 0; y newH; y) { float fy y * scaleY; int y0 (int)Math.Floor(fy); int y1 Math.Min(y0 1, srcH - 1); float dy fy - y0; for (int x 0; x newW; x) { float fx x * scaleX; int x0 (int)Math.Floor(fx); int x1 Math.Min(x0 1, srcW - 1); float dx fx - x0; float v00 src[y0, x0]; float v01 src[y0, x1]; float v10 src[y1, x0]; float v11 src[y1, x1]; float v0 v00 * (1 - dx) v01 * dx; float v1 v10 * (1 - dx) v11 * dx; dst[y, x] v0 * (1 - dy) v1 * dy; } } return dst; } private Color[] GetViridisColormap() { Mat cm new Mat(1, 256, MatType.CV_8UC3); for (int i 0; i 256; i) cm.SetVec3b(0, i, new Vec3b((byte)i, (byte)i, (byte)i)); Cv2.ApplyColorMap(cm, cm, ColormapTypes.Viridis); Color[] colors new Color[256]; for (int i 0; i 256; i) { Vec3b bgr cm.AtVec3b(0, i); colors[i] Color.FromArgb(bgr.Item2, bgr.Item1, bgr.Item0); } cm.Dispose(); return colors; } private Image DrawMarkerOnImage(Mat bgrImg, OpenCvSharp.Point pixel) { Mat marked bgrImg.Clone(); Cv2.Circle(marked, new OpenCvSharp.Point(pixel.X, pixel.Y), 8, new Scalar(0, 0, 255), -1); return new Bitmap(marked.ToMemoryStream()); } private Rectangle GetImageRectangle(PictureBox picBox) { if (picBox.Image null) return Rectangle.Empty; PictureBoxSizeMode mode picBox.SizeMode; int imgW picBox.Image.Width; int imgH picBox.Image.Height; int ctrlW picBox.Width; int ctrlH picBox.Height; if (mode PictureBoxSizeMode.Zoom) { float scale Math.Min((float)ctrlW / imgW, (float)ctrlH / imgH); int drawW (int)(imgW * scale); int drawH (int)(imgH * scale); int x (ctrlW - drawW) / 2; int y (ctrlH - drawH) / 2; return new Rectangle(x, y, drawW, drawH); } elseif (mode PictureBoxSizeMode.Normal || mode PictureBoxSizeMode.AutoSize) { return new Rectangle(0, 0, imgW, imgH); } else // StretchImage { return new Rectangle(0, 0, ctrlW, ctrlH); } } private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (pictureBox2.Image null) { MessageBox.Show(请先进行推理, 提示, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); return; } SaveFileDialog sfd new SaveFileDialog(); sfd.Title 保存图像; sfd.Filter PNG图片 (*.png)|*.png|JPEG图片 (*.jpg)|*.jpg|BMP图片 (*.bmp)|*.bmp; sfd.FilterIndex 1; if (sfd.ShowDialog() DialogResult.OK) { string ext System.IO.Path.GetExtension(sfd.FileName).ToLower(); ImageFormat format ImageFormat.Png; if (ext .jpg || ext .jpeg) format ImageFormat.Jpeg; elseif (ext .bmp) format ImageFormat.Bmp; using (var stream pictureBox2.Image) using (var bitmap new Bitmap(stream)) { bitmap.Save(sfd.FileName, format); } MessageBox.Show($保存成功\n位置: {sfd.FileName}, 完成, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); } } } }