说明使用docker快速部署MySQL多个主版本的单实例容器。最新子版本。MySQL5创建文件compose.yamlservices: mysql5-single: image: mysql:5.7.44 container_name: mysql5-single restart: unless-stopped ports: -3306:3306environment: TZ: Asia/Shanghai MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root123456 MYSQL_ROOT_HOST:%volumes: - mysql5-data:/var/lib/mysql - ./my.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf healthcheck: test: mysql-h127.0.0.1-uroot -p$$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD-eSELECT 1interval: 10s timeout: 5s retries:3start_period: 30s volumes: mysql5-data: name: mysql5-data创建my.cnf# MySQL 5.7.44 整合优化配置 - 修正版# 适配Docker容器化部署[client]default-character-setutf8mb4 connect-timeout10[mysql]default-character-setutf8mb4[mysqld]# 基础核心配置 bind-address0.0.0.0 skip-name-resolve# 注意此项仅在从零初始化数据库时生效若挂载旧数据卷需与旧配置保持一致lower-case-table-names1default-storage-engineInnoDB transaction-isolationREPEATABLE-READ sql_modeNO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES# 复制与日志配置 server-id1# 显式禁止二进制日志5.7默认通常为关闭此处强制禁用以节省空间skip-log-bin# 如果需要开启 Binlog请注释掉上面一行并取消下面两行的注释# log_bin mysql-bin# expire_logs_days 7# 字符集全链路配置 character-set-serverutf8mb4 collation-serverutf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connectSET NAMES utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ciskip-character-set-client-handshake# 连接与会话性能配置 max_connections10000max_user_connections9999max_connect_errors100000# 缩短超时时间回收空闲连接wait_timeout600interactive_timeout600thread_cache_size100# 缓存与文件IO配置 table_open_cache2000# 容器启动时需确保 --ulimit nofile65535:65535open_files_limit65535max_allowed_packet64M tmp_table_size64M max_heap_table_size64M# InnoDB 存储引擎核心优化 # 关键根据容器限制调整。建议设置为容器最大内存的 50%-70%innodb_buffer_pool_size1G innodb_log_file_size256M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit2innodb_flush_methodO_DIRECT innodb_file_per_table1innodb_log_buffer_size16M innodb_lock_wait_timeout50# 日志与运维配置 slow_query_log1# 日志文件将保存在数据卷中slow_query_log_file/var/lib/mysql/mysql-slow.log long_query_time2log_error/var/lib/mysql/mysqld-error.logMySQL8创建compose.yamlservices: mysql8-single: image: mysql:8.4.8 container_name: mysql8-single restart: unless-stopped healthcheck: test: mysql-h127.0.0.1-uroot -p$$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD-eSELECT 1interval: 10s timeout: 5s retries:3start_period: 30s ports: -3306:3306volumes: - ./my.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf - mysql8-data:/var/lib/mysql - mysql8-log:/var/log/mysql environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root123456 MYSQL_ROOT_HOST:%TZ: Asia/ShanghaiLANG:C.UTF-8 volumes: mysql8-data: name: mysql8-data mysql8-log: name: mysql8-log创建my.cnf[client]default-character-setutf8mb4 port3306socket/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock[mysql]default-character-setutf8mb4[mysqld]# --- 基础设置 ---usermysql port3306socket/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock pid-file/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid# 字符集设置character-set-serverutf8mb4 collation-serverutf8mb4_0900_ai_ci# 可选每次会话强制字符集。init_connectSET NAMES utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci# 目录设置datadir/var/lib/mysql tmpdir/tmp# 时区default-time-zone08:00# --- 连接与安全 ---max_connections500max_allowed_packet64M skip-name-resolve wait_timeout28800interactive_timeout28800# --- InnoDB 优化 (适配 MySQL 8.4) ---innodb_buffer_pool_size1G innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit2innodb_flush_methodO_DIRECT innodb_log_buffer_size64M# [修正] MySQL 8.4 废弃了 innodb_log_file_size# 改用 innodb_redo_log_capacity。计算方式原 file_size * 2 512Minnodb_redo_log_capacity536870912# --- 日志配置 (配合 docker 挂载卷) ---# 错误日志 (默认输出到 stderrDocker 建议保留默认或者指向文件)log_error/var/log/mysql/error.log# 慢查询日志slow_query_log1slow_query_log_file/var/log/mysql/slow.log long_query_time2log_queries_not_using_indexes1# --- Binlog 配置 ---server-id1binlog_expire_logs_seconds604800log_bin/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin# 8.0 默认开启 binlog且格式默认为 ROW通常无需额外配置 format# --- 临时表设置 ---tmp_table_size64M max_heap_table_size64M# --- 认证插件 (可选) ---# MySQL 8.4 移除了 mysql_native_password 的默认加载# 开启后可连接旧版本客户端但引入不可控安全风险。# mysql_native_passwordONMySQL9创建compose.yamlservices: mysql9-single: image: mysql:9.6.0 container_name: mysql9-single restart: unless-stopped healthcheck: test: mysql-h127.0.0.1-uroot -p$$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD-eSELECT 1interval: 10s timeout: 5s retries:3start_period: 30s ports: -3306:3306volumes: - ./my.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf - mysql9-data:/var/lib/mysql - mysql9-log:/var/log/mysql environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root123456 MYSQL_ROOT_HOST:%TZ: Asia/ShanghaiLANG:C.UTF-8 volumes: mysql9-data: name: mysql9-data mysql9-log: name: mysql9-log创建my.cnf[mysqld]# --- 基础与安全 ---port3306character-set-serverutf8mb4 collation-serverutf8mb4_unicode_ci skip-name-resolve# 可选每次会话强制字符集。init_connectSET NAMES utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci# --- 内存优化 (假设宿主机内存 4G如果是 2G 请减半) ---innodb_buffer_pool_size1G innodb_log_buffer_size16M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit1max_connections500# --- 日志设置---slow_query_log1long_query_time2[client]default-character-setutf8mb4[mysql]default-character-setutf8mb4部署选中期望部署的版本使用下述命令部署dockercompose up-d