文章目录Java1.我应该用哪个版本的JDK1.1 版本推荐1.2 发行版推荐1.3 下载JDK1.4 ubuntu版本1.5 JDK镜像选择2.Windows2.1 scoop方式安装JDK3.Linux3.1 apt方式安装JDK3.1.1 切换JDK3.1.2 验证版本3.1.3 原理Python1.Windows1.1 scoop方式安装Python1.2 uv方式安装Python推荐2.Linux2.1 apt方式安装Python2.1.1 配置版本切换2.1.2 切换Python2.1.3 验证版本2.2 uv方式安装Python推荐3.uv方式说明3.1 查看版本列表3.2 初始化项目3.3 添加依赖3.4 查看依赖3.5 同步依赖NodeJS1.Windows1.1 scoop方式安装NodeJS1.2 nvm方式安装NodeJS推荐2.Linux2.1 nvm方式安装NodeJS推荐3.nvm方式说明3.1 安装版本3.2 查看版本列表3.3 切换版本3.4 验证版本配置国内源1.linuxmirrors2.pip国内源3.maven和gradle国内源4.npm5.apt国内源(backup)6.uv国内源Java从图中可以看出下载8/11/17三个版本即可其他版本按需下载。从图中可以看出除了Oracle外Amazon和Eclipse Adoptium都挺好。来源https://newrelic.com/resources/report/2024-state-of-the-java-ecosystem1.我应该用哪个版本的JDKhttps://whichjdk.com/首选Adoptium Eclipse Temurin 21且需确保本地、CI持续集成和生产环境版本一致。1.1 版本推荐JDK VersionTypeRelease DateHighlightsRecommendation8LTS03/2014LambdasLast LTS version under previous release model. Free updates by Oracle ended, but still maintained by others. Upgrade to 21 now!9Feature09/2017ModulesNew release model was introduced. EOL. Upgrade to 21 now!10Feature03/2018varEOL. Upgrade to 21 now!11LTS09/2018New HTTP ClientUpgrade to 21 now!12Feature03/2019EOL. Upgrade to 21 now!13Feature09/2019EOL. Upgrade to 21 now!14Feature03/2020Switch expressionsEOL. Upgrade to 21 now!15Feature09/2020Text blocksEOL. Upgrade to 21 now!16Feature03/2021RecordsEOL. Upgrade to 21 now!17LTS09/2021Sealed ClassesIt’s time to upgrade to 21.18Feature03/2022UTF-8 by DefaultEOL. Upgrade to 21 now!19Feature09/2022EOL. Upgrade to 21 now!20Feature03/2023EOL. Upgrade to 21 now!21LTS09/2023Pattern Matching, Virtual ThreadsCurrent LTS version.22Feature03/2024Stick with 21.23Feature09/2024Markdown Documentation CommentsStick with 21.24Feature03/2025Ahead-of-Time Class LoadingStick with 21.1.2 发行版推荐Adoptium Eclipse TemurinEclipse 基金会项目高质量、 vendor-neutral厂商中立、经 TCK 测试支持 LTS强烈推荐。Amazon CorrettoAWS 提供适合在 AWS 的 Amazon Linux 2 上运行推荐。1.3 下载JDKhttps://adoptium.net/zh-CN/temurin/releases?version8osanyarchany1.4 ubuntu版本https://releases.ubuntu.com/Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS (Noble Numbat) ›Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) ›Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS (Focal Fossa) ›1.5 JDK镜像选择https://hub.docker.com/_/eclipse-temurin2.Windows2.1 scoop方式安装JDKscoopinstalltemurin8-jdk temurin17-jdk temurin21-jdk# 不建议scoopinstallcorretto8-jdk corretto17-jdk corretto21-jdk3.Linux3.1 apt方式安装JDKaptinstallsoftware-properties-common-yaptinstallopenjdk-8-jdk openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-17-jdk openjdk-21-jdk-y3.1.1 切换JDKupdate-alternatives--configjava3.1.2 验证版本java-version3.1.3 原理# 入口: /usr/bin/java - /etc/alternatives/java*ll /usr/bin/java# 切换 /etc/alternatives/java - /usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64/bin/java*ll /etc/alternatives/java# 版本目录/usr/lib/jvmll /usr/lib/jvmPython1.Windows1.1 scoop方式安装Pythonscoopinstallpython38 python39 python310 python311 python312 python313 python3141.2 uv方式安装Python推荐scoopinstalluv2.Linux2.1 apt方式安装Pythonaptinstallsoftware-properties-common-yadd-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppaaptinstallpython{3.7,3.8,3.9,3.10,3.11,3.12,3.13,3.14}-y2.1.1 配置版本切换update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.71update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.72update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.83update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.94update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.105update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.116update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.127update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.138update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.1492.1.2 切换Pythonupdate-alternatives--configpython2.1.3 验证版本python--version2.2 uv方式安装Python推荐curl-LsSfhttps://astral.sh/uv/install.sh|sh或wget-qO- https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh|shinstalling to /home/d/.local/bin uv uvx everythings installed! To add $HOME/.local/bin to your PATH, either restart your shell or run: source $HOME/.local/bin/env (sh, bash, zsh) source $HOME/.local/bin/env.fish (fish)来源https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/3.uv方式说明uv pythoninstallpython3.7 python3.8 python3.9 python3.10 python3.11 python3.12 python3.13 python3.143.1 查看版本列表uv python list3.2 初始化项目uv init3.3 添加依赖uvaddrequests3.4 查看依赖uv tree3.5 同步依赖uvsyncNodeJS1.Windows1.1 scoop方式安装NodeJSscoopinstallnodejs16 nodejs17 nodejs18 nodejs19 nodejs20 nodejs21 nodejs22 nodejs231.2 nvm方式安装NodeJS推荐scoopinstallnvm2.Linux2.1 nvm方式安装NodeJS推荐curl-o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.3/install.sh|bash或wget-qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.3/install.sh|bash Appending nvm source string to /home/d/.zshrc Appending bash_completion source string to /home/d/.zshrc Close and reopen your terminal to start using nvm or run the following to use it now: export NVM_DIR$HOME/.nvm [ -s $NVM_DIR/nvm.sh ] \. $NVM_DIR/nvm.sh # This loads nvm [ -s $NVM_DIR/bash_completion ] \. $NVM_DIR/bash_completion # This loads nvm bash_completion来源https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm?tabreadme-ov-file#install–update-script3.nvm方式说明3.1 安装版本nvminstall23nvminstall22nvminstall21nvminstall20nvminstall19nvminstall18nvminstall17nvminstall163.2 查看版本列表nvm list3.3 切换版本nvm use233.4 验证版本node-v配置国内源1.linuxmirrorshttps://linuxmirrors.cn/giteebash(curl-sSLhttps://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh)defaultbash(curl-sSLhttps://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh)githubbash(curl-sSLhttps://raw.githubusercontent.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/main/ChangeMirrors.sh)auto推荐https://github.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/blob/main/docs/use/index.mdbash(curl-sSLhttps://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh)\--sourcemirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\--protocolhttp\--use-intranet-sourcefalse\--install-epeltrue\--backuptrue\--upgrade-softwarefalse\--clean-cachefalse\--ignore-backup-tipsaliyun会报错应该是请求太大被封了https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntubash(curl-sSLhttps://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh)\--sourcemirrors.aliyun.com\--protocolhttp\--use-intranet-sourcefalse\--install-epeltrue\--backupfalse\--upgrade-softwarefalse\--clean-cachefalse\--ignore-backup-tips# 403 Forbidden You dont have permission to access the URL on this server. denied by IP ACL blacklist --- Powered by Tengine CDN Request Id: 7c5fbe2b17549643434472542etencent不支持pvehttps://mirrors.tencent.com/proxmox/debian/pvebash(curl-sSLhttps://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh)\--sourcemirrors.tencent.com\--protocolhttp\--use-intranet-sourcefalse\--install-epeltrue\--backupfalse\--upgrade-softwarefalse\--clean-cachefalse\--ignore-backup-tipsE: The repository http://mirrors.tencent.com/proxmox/debian/pve bookworm Release does not have a Release file.2.pip国内源清华贼快推荐https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/pypi/腾讯备用https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple/阿里贼慢还缺包https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi豆瓣重定向到腾讯https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/python-mpipinstall-ihttps://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple--upgradepip pip configsetglobal.index-url https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple/ pip configsetglobal.extra-index-urlhttps://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple# 阿里有时候缺包 (venv) dd:~/SourceCode/test-gpu$ pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi Looking in indexes: https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement torch (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for torch # 豆瓣重定向到腾讯了 (venv) dd:~/SourceCode/test-gpu$ pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/ Looking in indexes: https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/ Collecting torch Downloading https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/packages/d1/35/e8b2daf02ce933e4518e6f5682c72fd0ed66c15910ea1fb4168f442b71c4/torch-2.5.1-cp311-cp311-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (906.5 MB)3.maven和gradle国内源参考https://developer.aliyun.com/mvn/guide.m2/settings.xmlmirrorsmirroridaliyunmaven/idmirrorOfcentral/mirrorOfname阿里云公共仓库/nameurlhttps://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public/url/mirrormirroridpentaho-public/idnamePentaho Public/namemirrorOf*/mirrorOfurlhttp://nexus.pentaho.org/content/groups/omni//url/mirror/mirrors\init.d\init.gradleallprojects{repositories{mavenLocal()maven{nameAlibaba;urlhttps://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public}mavenCentral()}buildscript{repositories{maven{nameAlibaba;urlhttps://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public}}}}4.npm#npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.orgnpmconfigsetregistry https://registry.npmmirror.comnpmupdate5.apt国内源(backup)#--quiet#-O filewget-qO- https://gitee.com/duhongming/shell-script/raw/master/mirrors/apt-sources.sh|bash6.uv国内源cat~/.config/uv/uv.toml[pip]index-urlhttps://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/extra-index-url[https://pypi.org/simple]