一、行转列1、使用case…when…then2、使用SUM(IF()) 生成列3、使用SUM(IF()) 生成列 WITH ROLLUP 生成汇总行4、使用SUM(IF()) 生成列直接生成汇总结果不再利用子查询5、使用SUM(IF()) 生成列 UNION 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total6、动态查询列值不确定的情况7、合并字段显示group_concat()二、列转行————————————————一、行转列即将原本同一列下多行的不同内容作为多个字段输出对应内容。建表语句DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_score; CREATE TABLE tb_score( id INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, userid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT 用户id, subject VARCHAR(20) COMMENT 科目, score DOUBLE COMMENT 成绩, PRIMARY KEY(id) )ENGINE INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;插入数据INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES (001,语文,90); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES (001,数学,92); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES (001,英语,80); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES (002,语文,88); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES (002,数学,90); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES (002,英语,75.5); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES (003,语文,70); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES (003,数学,85); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES (003,英语,90); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES (003,政治,82);查询数据表中的内容即转换前的结果SELECT * FROM tb_score先来看一下转换后的结果可以看出这里行转列是将原来的subject字段的多行内容选出来作为结果集中的不同列并根据userid进行分组显示对应的score。1、使用case…when…then 进行行转列SELECT userid, SUM(CASE subject WHEN 语文 THEN score ELSE 0 END) as 语文, SUM(CASE subject WHEN 数学 THEN score ELSE 0 END) as 数学, SUM(CASE subject WHEN 英语 THEN score ELSE 0 END) as 英语, SUM(CASE subject WHEN 政治 THEN score ELSE 0 END) as 政治 FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid2、使用IF() 进行行转列SELECT userid, SUM(IF(subject语文,score,0)) as 语文, SUM(IF(subject数学,score,0)) as 数学, SUM(IF(subject英语,score,0)) as 英语, SUM(IF(subject政治,score,0)) as 政治 FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid注意点1SUM() 是为了能够使用GROUP BY根据userid进行分组因为每一个userid对应的subject语文的记录只有一条所以SUM() 的值就等于对应那一条记录的score的值。假如userid ‘001’ and subject‘语文’ 的记录有两条则此时SUM() 的值将会是这两条记录的和同理使用Max()的值将会是这两条记录里面值最大的一个。但是正常情况下一个user对应一个subject只有一个分数因此可以使用SUM()、MAX()、MIN()、AVG()等聚合函数都可以达到行转列的效果。2IF(subject‘语文’,score,0) 作为条件即对所有subject语文’的记录的score字段进行SUM()、MAX()、MIN()、AVG()操作如果score没有值则默认为0。3、利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 WITH ROLLUP 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为TotalSELECT IFNULL(userid,total) AS userid, SUM(IF(subject语文,score,0)) AS 语文, SUM(IF(subject数学,score,0)) AS 数学, SUM(IF(subject英语,score,0)) AS 英语, SUM(IF(subject政治,score,0)) AS 政治, SUM(IF(subjecttotal,score,0)) AS total FROM( SELECT userid,IFNULL(subject,total) AS subject,SUM(score) AS score FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid,subject WITH ROLLUP HAVING userid IS NOT NULL )AS A GROUP BY userid WITH ROLLUP;运行结果4、利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 UNION 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 TotalSELECT userid, SUM(IF(subject语文,score,0)) AS 语文, SUM(IF(subject数学,score,0)) AS 数学, SUM(IF(subject英语,score,0)) AS 英语, SUM(IF(subject政治,score,0)) AS 政治, SUM(score) AS TOTAL FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid UNION SELECT TOTAL,SUM(IF(subject语文,score,0)) AS 语文, SUM(IF(subject数学,score,0)) AS 数学, SUM(IF(subject英语,score,0)) AS 英语, SUM(IF(subject政治,score,0)) AS 政治, SUM(score) FROM tb_score运行结果5、利用SUM(IF()) 生成列直接生成结果不再利用子查询SELECT IFNULL(userid,TOTAL) AS userid, SUM(IF(subject语文,score,0)) AS 语文, SUM(IF(subject数学,score,0)) AS 数学, SUM(IF(subject英语,score,0)) AS 英语, SUM(IF(subject政治,score,0)) AS 政治, SUM(score) AS TOTAL FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid WITH ROLLUP;运行结果6、动态适用于列不确定情况SET EE; select EE :CONCAT(EE,sum(if(subject ,subject,,score,0)) as ,subject, ,) AS aa FROM (SELECT DISTINCT subject FROM tb_score) A ; SET QQ CONCAT(select ifnull(userid,TOTAL)as userid,,EE, sum(score) as TOTAL from tb_score group by userid WITH ROLLUP); -- SELECT QQ; PREPARE stmt FROM QQ; EXECUTE stmt; DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;运行结果7、合并字段显示利用group_concat()SELECT userid,GROUP_CONCAT(subject,:,score)AS 成绩 FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid运行结果group_concat()手册上说明:该函数返回带有来自一个组的连接的非NULL值的字符串结果。比较抽象难以理解。通俗点理解其实是这样的group_concat()会计算哪些行属于同一组将属于同一组的列显示出来。要返回哪些列由函数参数(就是字段名)决定。分组必须有个标准就是根据group by指定的列进行分组。结论group_concat()函数可以很好的建属于同一分组的多个行转化为一个列。二、列转行建表语句CREATE TABLE tb_score1( id INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, userid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT 用户id, cn_score DOUBLE COMMENT 语文成绩, math_score DOUBLE COMMENT 数学成绩, en_score DOUBLE COMMENT 英语成绩, po_score DOUBLE COMMENT 政治成绩, PRIMARY KEY(id) )ENGINE INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;插入数据INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES (001,90,92,80,0); INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES (002,88,90,75.5,0); INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES (003,70,85,90,82);查询数据表中的内容即转换前的结果SELECT * FROM tb_score1转换后本质是将userid的每个科目分数分散成一条记录显示出来。直接上SQLSELECT userid,语文 AS course,cn_score AS score FROM tb_score1 UNION ALL SELECT userid,数学 AS course,math_score AS score FROM tb_score1 UNION ALL SELECT userid,英语 AS course,en_score AS score FROM tb_score1 UNION ALL SELECT userid,政治 AS course,po_score AS score FROM tb_score1 ORDER BY userid这里将每个userid对应的多个科目的成绩查出来通过UNION ALL将结果集加起来达到上图的效果。