DAY 44 预训练模型
知识点回顾：
- 预训练的概念
- 常见的分类预训练模型
- 图像预训练模型的发展史
- 预训练的策略
- 预训练代码实战：resnet18
作业：
- 尝试在cifar10对比如下其他的预训练模型，观察差异，尽可能和他人选择的不同
- 尝试通过ctrl进入resnet的内部，观察残差究竟是什么
选用 DenseNet121预训练模型，注意DenseNet121 模型的最后分类层名为classifier，而不是 ResNet 中的fc
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms, models
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
from torchvision.models import resnet18, densenet121, vgg16
# 设置中文字体支持
plt.rcParams["font.family"] = ["SimHei"]
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决负号显示问题
# 检查GPU是否可用
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(f"使用设备: {device}")
# 1. 数据预处理（训练集增强，测试集标准化）
train_transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.RandomCrop(32, padding=4),
transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
transforms.ColorJitter(brightness=0.2, contrast=0.2, saturation=0.2, hue=0.1),
transforms.RandomRotation(15),
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465), (0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010))
])
test_transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465), (0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010))
])
# 2. 加载CIFAR-10数据集
train_dataset = datasets.CIFAR10(
root='./cifar_data',
train=True,
download=True,
transform=train_transform
)
test_dataset = datasets.CIFAR10(
root='./cifar_data',
train=False,
transform=test_transform
)
# 3. 创建数据加载器
batch_size = 64
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False)
# 4. 定义DenseNet121模型
def create_densenet121(pretrained=True, num_classes=10):
model = models.densenet121(pretrained=pretrained)
# 修改最后一层全连接层
in_features = model.classifier.in_features
model.classifier = nn.Linear(in_features, num_classes) # DenseNet121 的最后一层分类器名称是classifier
return model.to(device)
# 5. 冻结/解冻模型层的函数
# 这种设计允许我们在迁移学习中保留预训练模型的特征提取部分（卷积层），只训练新添加的分类层（全连接层）。
def freeze_model(model, freeze=True):
"""冻结或解冻模型的卷积层参数"""
# 冻结/解冻除fc层外的所有参数
for name, param in model.named_parameters():
if 'classifier' not in name: #排除名称中包含 "fc" 的参数，这些通常是全连接层的参数
param.requires_grad = not freeze #param.requires_grad是 PyTorch 中控制参数是否参与反向传播和梯度更新的标志
# 打印冻结状态
frozen_params = sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters() if not p.requires_grad) #统计所有requires_grad=False的参数数量
total_params = sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters())
if freeze:
print(f"已冻结模型卷积层参数 ({frozen_params}/{total_params} 参数)")
else:
print(f"已解冻模型所有参数 ({total_params}/{total_params} 参数可训练)")
return model
# 6. 训练函数（支持阶段式训练）
def train_with_freeze_schedule(model, train_loader, test_loader, criterion, optimizer, scheduler, device, epochs, freeze_epochs=5):
"""
前freeze_epochs轮冻结卷积层，之后解冻所有层进行训练
"""
train_loss_history = []
test_loss_history = []
train_acc_history = []
test_acc_history = []
all_iter_losses = []
iter_indices = []
# 初始冻结卷积层
if freeze_epochs > 0:
model = freeze_model(model, freeze=True)
for epoch in range(epochs):
# 解冻控制：在指定轮次后解冻所有层
if epoch == freeze_epochs:
model = freeze_model(model, freeze=False)
# 解冻后调整优化器（可选）
optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr'] = 1e-4 # 降低学习率防止过拟合
model.train() # 设置为训练模式
running_loss = 0.0
correct_train = 0
total_train = 0
for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = model(data)
loss = criterion(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
# 记录Iteration损失
iter_loss = loss.item()
all_iter_losses.append(iter_loss)
iter_indices.append(epoch * len(train_loader) + batch_idx + 1)
# 统计训练指标
running_loss += iter_loss
_, predicted = output.max(1)
total_train += target.size(0)
correct_train += predicted.eq(target).sum().item()
# 每100批次打印进度
if (batch_idx + 1) % 100 == 0:
print(f"Epoch {epoch+1}/{epochs} | Batch {batch_idx+1}/{len(train_loader)} "
f"| 单Batch损失: {iter_loss:.4f}")
# 计算 epoch 级指标
epoch_train_loss = running_loss / len(train_loader)
epoch_train_acc = 100. * correct_train / total_train
# 测试阶段
model.eval()
correct_test = 0
total_test = 0
test_loss = 0.0
with torch.no_grad():
for data, target in test_loader:
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
output = model(data)
test_loss += criterion(output, target).item()
_, predicted = output.max(1)
total_test += target.size(0)
correct_test += predicted.eq(target).sum().item()
epoch_test_loss = test_loss / len(test_loader)
epoch_test_acc = 100. * correct_test / total_test
# 记录历史数据
train_loss_history.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_loss_history.append(epoch_test_loss)
train_acc_history.append(epoch_train_acc)
test_acc_history.append(epoch_test_acc)
# 更新学习率调度器
if scheduler is not None:
scheduler.step(epoch_test_loss)
# 打印 epoch 结果
print(f"Epoch {epoch+1} 完成 | 训练损失: {epoch_train_loss:.4f} "
f"| 训练准确率: {epoch_train_acc:.2f}% | 测试准确率: {epoch_test_acc:.2f}%")
# 绘制损失和准确率曲线
plot_iter_losses(all_iter_losses, iter_indices)
plot_epoch_metrics(train_acc_history, test_acc_history, train_loss_history, test_loss_history)
return epoch_test_acc # 返回最终测试准确率
# 7. 绘制Iteration损失曲线
def plot_iter_losses(losses, indices):
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 4))
plt.plot(indices, losses, 'b-', alpha=0.7)
plt.xlabel('Iteration（Batch序号）')
plt.ylabel('损失值')
plt.title('训练过程中的Iteration损失变化')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
# 8. 绘制Epoch级指标曲线
def plot_epoch_metrics(train_acc, test_acc, train_loss, test_loss):
epochs = range(1, len(train_acc) + 1)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
# 准确率曲线
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs, train_acc, 'b-', label='训练准确率')
plt.plot(epochs, test_acc, 'r-', label='测试准确率')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('准确率 (%)')
plt.title('准确率随Epoch变化')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
# 损失曲线
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs, train_loss, 'b-', label='训练损失')
plt.plot(epochs, test_loss, 'r-', label='测试损失')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('损失值')
plt.title('损失值随Epoch变化')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
# 主函数：训练模型
def main():
# 参数设置
epochs = 40 # 总训练轮次
freeze_epochs = 5 # 冻结卷积层的轮次
learning_rate = 1e-3 # 初始学习率
weight_decay = 1e-4 # 权重衰减
# 创建DenseNet121模型（加载预训练权重）
model = create_densenet121(pretrained=True, num_classes=10)
# 定义优化器和损失函数
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate, weight_decay=weight_decay)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
# 定义学习率调度器
scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau(
optimizer, mode='min', factor=0.5, patience=2, verbose=True
)
# 开始训练（前5轮冻结卷积层，之后解冻）
final_accuracy = train_with_freeze_schedule(
model=model,
train_loader=train_loader,
test_loader=test_loader,
criterion=criterion,
optimizer=optimizer,
scheduler=scheduler,
device=device,
epochs=epochs,
freeze_epochs=freeze_epochs
)
print(f"训练完成！最终测试准确率: {final_accuracy:.2f}%")
# # 保存模型
# torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'resnet18_cifar10_finetuned.pth')
# print("模型已保存至: resnet18_cifar10_finetuned.pth")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
