Ubuntu20.04部署KVM

news2025/5/23 21:49:55

文章目录

- 一. 环境准备
- - 关闭防火墙（UFW）
  - 禁用 SELinux
  - 更换镜像源
  - 检查 CPU 虚拟化支持
- 二. 安装KVM
- - 安装 KVM 及相关组件
  - 启动 libvirtd 服务
  - 验证安装
  - 创建虚拟机

一. 环境准备

4C8G，50G硬盘——VMware Workstation需要给虚拟机开启虚拟化引擎

在这里插入图片描述

root@kvm:~# hostnamectl
   Static hostname: luzz
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 8d6bb13c168e4df5aa13a070821f70b6
           Boot ID: 4a74a26980ed4619bc81d8d6fc407e43
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS
            Kernel: Linux 5.4.0-144-generic
      Architecture: x86-64
root@kvm:~# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7c:a4:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.226.155/24 brd 192.168.226.255 scope global dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 1303sec preferred_lft 1303sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7c:a43d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

关闭防火墙（UFW）

Ubuntu 默认使用 UFW 作为防火墙前端，执行以下命令关闭：

sudo ufw disable
sudo systemctl stop ufw
sudo systemctl disable ufw

禁用 SELinux

Ubuntu 默认不安装 SELinux。

更换镜像源

# 备份原有 sources.list
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

# 使用阿里云镜像源（Ubuntu 20.04）
sudo sed -i 's|http://.*archive.ubuntu.com|https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's|http://.*security.ubuntu.com|https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/apt/sources.list

# 更新软件包列表
apt-get update

检查 CPU 虚拟化支持

root@kvm:~# egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
2
# 输出大于 0 表示支持

二. 安装KVM

安装 KVM 及相关组件

apt-get install -y qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils virtinst virt-manager

启动 libvirtd 服务

systemctl start libvirtd
systemctl enable libvirtd

验证安装

root@kvm:~/apt# virsh list --all
 Id   Name   State
--------------------


root@kvm:~/apt# kvm-ok                  # 应显示 "KVM acceleration can be used"
INFO: /dev/kvm exists
KVM acceleration can be used


root@kvm:~/apt# ip a                    # 查看会多个虚拟网桥
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7c:a4:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.226.155/24 metric 100 brd 192.168.226.255 scope global dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 1695sec preferred_lft 1695sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7c:a43d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:bd:2a:3c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:bd:2a:3c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

创建虚拟机

先上传一个镜像

root@kvm:~# ll | grep CentOS
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1020264448 May 21 11:32 CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso
# 移动镜像位置
root@kvm:~# chmod +777 ./CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso && mv /root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso /var/lib/libvirt/images/

安装虚拟机

sudo virt-install \
  --name centos7-minimal \
  --ram 2048 \
  --vcpus 1 \
  --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos7-minimal.qcow2,size=10,format=qcow2,bus=virtio \
  --os-type linux \
  --os-variant centos7.0 \
  --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio \
  --graphics none \
  --console pty,target_type=serial \
  --location /var/lib/libvirt/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso \
  --extra-args="console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial text"

通过命令行自行选择数字进行安装步骤即可。

如下即正确安装后效果：

         Starting Wait for Plymouth Boot Screen to Quit...
[  OK  ] Started NTP client/server.
[    8.862116] ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[    8.908114] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[    8.949342] Ebtables v2.0 registered
[    8.973992] Netfilter messages via NETLINK v0.30.
[    8.984914] ip_set: protocol 7
[    9.085756] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max)
[    9.176516] bridge: filtering via arp/ip/ip6tables is no longer available by default. Update your scripts to load br_netfilter if you need this.

CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
Kernel 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64

localhost login: 
CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
Kernel 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64

localhost login: root
Password: 
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:84:39:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]# ifup eth0
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1)
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:84:39:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.220/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 3599sec preferred_lft 3599sec
    inet6 fe80::4fb5:55e4:f761:10d1/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (39.156.70.46) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 39.156.70.46 (39.156.70.46): icmp_seq=1 ttl=127 time=15.9 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.70.46 (39.156.70.46): icmp_seq=2 ttl=127 time=15.5 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.70.46 (39.156.70.46): icmp_seq=3 ttl=127 time=15.6 ms
 
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2007ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 15.515/15.689/15.948/0.235 ms
[root@localhost ~]#