Halcon图像采集

news2025/7/11 18:20:31

Halcon是一款强大的机器视觉软件，结合C#可以开发出功能完善的视觉应用程序。

基本设置

确保已经安装了Halcon和Halcon的.NET库（HalconDotNet）。

1. 添加引用

在C#项目中，需要添加对HalconDotNet.dll的引用：

右键点击项目 -> 添加 -> 引用
浏览找到Halcon安装目录下的HalconDotNet.dll（通常位于%HALCONROOT%\bin\dotnet35）

相机采集代码实现

2. 基本采集代码

using HalconDotNet;
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class HalconCamera
{
    private HWindowControl hWindowControl;
    private HTuple hv_AcqHandle;
    private HImage hv_Image;
    
    public HalconCamera(HWindowControl windowControl)
    {
        hWindowControl = windowControl;
    }
    
    // 初始化相机
    public void InitCamera()
    {
        try
        {
            // 查找可用相机
            HTuple hv_Info;
            HOperatorSet.InfoFramegrabber("DirectShow", "device", out hv_Info, out _);
            
            // 打开第一个找到的相机
            HOperatorSet.OpenFramegrabber("DirectShow", 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, "default", 8, "rgb", 
                                         -1, "false", "default", "[0] ", 0, -1, out hv_AcqHandle);
            
            // 设置相机参数
            HOperatorSet.SetFramegrabberParam(hv_AcqHandle, "grab_timeout", -1);
        }
        catch (HalconException ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("相机初始化失败: " + ex.Message);
        }
    }
    
    // 开始连续采集
    public void StartGrabbing()
    {
        try
        {
            HOperatorSet.GrabImageStart(hv_AcqHandle, -1);
            
            // 使用定时器或线程连续抓取图像
            Timer grabTimer = new Timer();
            grabTimer.Interval = 50; // 20fps
            grabTimer.Tick += (s, e) => GrabImage();
            grabTimer.Start();
        }
        catch (HalconException ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("开始采集失败: " + ex.Message);
        }
    }
    
    // 抓取单帧图像
    public void GrabImage()
    {
        try
        {
            hv_Image = new HImage();
            HOperatorSet.GrabImageAsync(out hv_Image, hv_AcqHandle, -1);
            
            // 显示图像
            HOperatorSet.DispObj(hv_Image, hWindowControl.HalconWindow);
        }
        catch (HalconException ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("图像采集失败: " + ex.Message);
        }
    }
    
    // 停止采集并释放资源
    public void CloseCamera()
    {
        try
        {
            if (hv_AcqHandle != null)
            {
                HOperatorSet.CloseFramegrabber(hv_AcqHandle);
                hv_AcqHandle = null;
            }
        }
        catch (HalconException ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("关闭相机失败: " + ex.Message);
        }
    }
    
    // 获取当前图像
    public HImage GetCurrentImage()
    {
        return hv_Image;
    }
}

3. 在WinForms中使用

在WinForms窗体中添加一个HWindowControl控件，然后使用上面的类：

public partial class MainForm : Form
{
    private HalconCamera halconCamera;
    
    public MainForm()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        halconCamera = new HalconCamera(hWindowControl1);
    }
    
    private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        halconCamera.InitCamera();
        halconCamera.StartGrabbing();
    }
    
    private void btnStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        halconCamera.CloseCamera();
    }
    
    private void btnGrabSingle_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        halconCamera.GrabImage();
    }
    
    private void MainForm_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
    {
        halconCamera.CloseCamera();
    }
}

4. 相机参数设置

public void SetCameraParameters(double exposure, double gain)
{
    try
    {
        HOperatorSet.SetFramegrabberParam(hv_AcqHandle, "exposure", exposure);
        HOperatorSet.SetFramegrabberParam(hv_AcqHandle, "gain", gain);
    }
    catch (HalconException ex)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("设置相机参数失败: " + ex.Message);
    }
}

5. 保存图像

public void SaveImage(string filePath)
{
    try
    {
        if (hv_Image != null)
        {
            hv_Image.WriteImage("tiff", 0, filePath);
        }
    }
    catch (HalconException ex)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("保存图像失败: " + ex.Message);
    }
}

6. 多相机支持

public List<string> GetAvailableCameras()
{
    List<string> cameras = new List<string>();
    try
    {
        HTuple hv_Info;
        HOperatorSet.InfoFramegrabber("DirectShow", "device", out hv_Info, out _);
        
        for (int i = 0; i < hv_Info.Length; i++)
        {
            cameras.Add(hv_Info[i].S);
        }
    }
    catch (HalconException ex)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("获取相机列表失败: " + ex.Message);
    }
    return cameras;
}

注意事项