写Prompt的技巧和基本原则

news2025/5/14 16:02:31

一.基本原则

1.一定要描述清晰你需要大模型做的事情，不要模棱两可

2.告诉大模型需要它做什么，不需要做什么

改写前:

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改写后:

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3.Prompt 最好简洁易懂，并减少歧义，无关的内容不要写

二.技巧

1.给一些案例

2.设定大模型的角色/风格

指定他是一个老师，或者以鲁迅的风格写一篇小说

这样会使得大模型输出的内容有独特的风格

3.使用特殊符号将指令和需要处理的文本分开

可以用""文本""将指令和文本分开。根据我的测试，如果你的文本有多段，增加”“”会提升 AI 反馈的准确性或者##文本##

Please summarize the following sentences to make them easier to understand.

Text: """
OpenAI is an American artificial intelligence (AI) research laboratory consisting of the non-profit OpenAI Incorporated (OpenAI Inc.) and its for-profit subsidiary corporation OpenAI Limited Partnership (OpenAI LP). OpenAI conducts AI research with the declared intention of promoting and developing a friendly AI. OpenAI systems run on the fifth most powerful supercomputer in the world.[5][6][7] The organization was founded in San Francisco in 2015 by Sam Altman, Reid Hoffman, Jessica Livingston, Elon Musk, Ilya Sutskever, Peter Thiel and others,[8][1][9] who collectively pledged US$1 billion. Musk resigned from the board in 2018 but remained a donor. Microsoft provided OpenAI LP with a $1 billion investment in 2019 and a second multi-year investment in January 2023, reported to be $10 billion.[10]
"""

在吴恩达的 ChatGPT Prompt Engineering 课程中，还提到，你可以使用其他特殊符号来分割文本和 prompt，比如<>，<tag></tag> 等，课程中的案例是这样的（注意这个是 python 代码，需要关注的是 prompt 里的 text）：

text = f"""
You should express what you want a model to do by \
providing instructions that are as clear and \
specific as you can possibly make them. \
This will guide the model towards the desired output, \
and reduce the chances of receiving irrelevant \
or incorrect responses. Don't confuse writing a \
clear prompt with writing a short prompt. \
In many cases, longer prompts provide more clarity \
and context for the model, which can lead to \
more detailed and relevant outputs.
"""

prompt = f"""
Summarize the text delimited by triple backticks \
into a single sentence.
`{text}`
"""

4.指定大模型输出的格式json/markdown

可以让大模型输出后再检查输出的内容是否符合格式

5.告诉大模型需要做的每一步

将任务拆分成每一个步骤，让大模型按照这个步骤执行,比如:

prompt_2 = f"""
Your task is to perform the following actions:
1 - Summarize the following text delimited by
  <> with 1 sentence.
2 - Translate the summary into French.
3 - List each name in the French summary.
4 - Output a json object that contains the
  following keys: french_summary, num_names.

Use the following format:
Text: <text to summarize>
Summary: <summary>
Translation: <summary translation>
Names: <list of names in Italian summary>
Output JSON: <json with summary and num_names>

Text: <{text}>
"""