3D医学影像开发入门＜二＞：VS2019+Qt5.15.2+VTK9.3.1编译及环境配置

news2025/10/31 17:20:45

VTK（Visualization Toolkit）是一个开源的、跨平台的三维可视化开发库，用于处理和可视化三维数据。它提供了一系列算法和工具，用于创建、操作和渲染复杂的三维图形，并支持多种数据表示方式，包括点、线、面、体等。VTK提供了一套高效的算法，用于可视化医学图像、流体动力学模拟、地理信息系统等领域的数据。

1、VTK源码下载

源码下载地址：https://vtk.org/download/
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将VTK-9.3.1.tar.gz ，VTKData-9.3.1.tar.gz，VTKLargeData-9.3.1.tar.gz解压到同一目录，并创建build和SDK文件夹。

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2、CMake设置

打开CMake-gui进行设置：
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开启支持Qt编译；电脑上会自动找到对应的Qt路径（Qt已经在电脑环境变量添加过路径）。

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点击“config”按钮，没有错误提示后点击“Generate”按钮，最后点击“open project”按钮打开VS工程。

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3、VS编译

点击Open project 按钮打开VS项目工程，然后先选择 ALL_BUILD进行生成，随后选择INSTALL进行sdk整理。

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编译后的VTK sdk如下所示：

4、示例demo

编译完成后我们来验证一下VTK编译的是否正确可用。此处可以参考VTK提供的示例代码。我们用了Qt+VTK来进行验证。https://examples.vtk.org/site/。

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4.1 演示效果

演示效果如下图：

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4.2 源码

#include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>

#include <QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkDataSetMapper.h>
#include <vtkDoubleArray.h>
#include <vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkPointData.h>
#include <vtkProperty.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkSphereSource.h>

#include <QApplication>
#include <QDockWidget>
#include <QGridLayout>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QPointer>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QVBoxLayout>

#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <random>

namespace {
    /**
     * Deform the sphere source using a random amplitude and modes and render it in
     * the window
     *
     * @param sphere the original sphere source
     * @param mapper the mapper for the scene
     * @param window the window to render to
     * @param randEng the random number generator engine
     */
    void Randomize(vtkSphereSource* sphere, vtkMapper* mapper,
        vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow* window, std::mt19937& randEng);
} // namespace

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    QSurfaceFormat::setDefaultFormat(QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget::defaultFormat());

    QApplication app(argc, argv);

    // Main window.
    QMainWindow mainWindow;
    mainWindow.resize(1200, 900);

    // Control area.
    QDockWidget controlDock;
    mainWindow.addDockWidget(Qt::LeftDockWidgetArea, &controlDock);

    QLabel controlDockTitle("Control Dock");
    controlDockTitle.setMargin(20);
    controlDock.setTitleBarWidget(&controlDockTitle);

    QPointer<QVBoxLayout> dockLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
    QWidget layoutContainer;
    layoutContainer.setLayout(dockLayout);
    controlDock.setWidget(&layoutContainer);

    QPushButton randomizeButton;
    randomizeButton.setText("Randomize");
    dockLayout->addWidget(&randomizeButton);

    // Render area.
    QPointer<QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget> vtkRenderWidget =
        new QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget();
    mainWindow.setCentralWidget(vtkRenderWidget);

    // VTK part.
    vtkNew<vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow> window;
    vtkRenderWidget->setRenderWindow(window.Get());

    vtkNew<vtkSphereSource> sphere;
    sphere->SetRadius(1.0);
    sphere->SetThetaResolution(100);
    sphere->SetPhiResolution(100);

    vtkNew<vtkDataSetMapper> mapper;
    mapper->SetInputConnection(sphere->GetOutputPort());

    vtkNew<vtkActor> actor;
    actor->SetMapper(mapper);
    actor->GetProperty()->SetEdgeVisibility(true);
    actor->GetProperty()->SetRepresentationToSurface();

    vtkNew<vtkRenderer> renderer;
    renderer->AddActor(actor);

    window->AddRenderer(renderer);

    // Setup initial status.
    std::mt19937 randEng(0);
    ::Randomize(sphere, mapper, window, randEng);

    // connect the buttons
    QObject::connect(&randomizeButton, &QPushButton::released,
        [&]() { ::Randomize(sphere, mapper, window, randEng); });

    mainWindow.show();

    return app.exec();
}

namespace {
    void Randomize(vtkSphereSource* sphere, vtkMapper* mapper,
        vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow* window, std::mt19937& randEng)
    {
        // Generate randomness.
        double randAmp = 0.2 + ((randEng() % 1000) / 1000.0) * 0.2;
        double randThetaFreq = 1.0 + (randEng() % 9);
        double randPhiFreq = 1.0 + (randEng() % 9);

        // Extract and prepare data.
        sphere->Update();
        vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData> newSphere;
        newSphere.TakeReference(sphere->GetOutput()->NewInstance());
        newSphere->DeepCopy(sphere->GetOutput());
        vtkNew<vtkDoubleArray> height;
        height->SetName("Height");
        height->SetNumberOfComponents(1);
        height->SetNumberOfTuples(newSphere->GetNumberOfPoints());
        newSphere->GetPointData()->AddArray(height);

        // Deform the sphere.
        for (int iP = 0; iP < newSphere->GetNumberOfPoints(); iP++)
        {
            double pt[3] = { 0.0 };
            newSphere->GetPoint(iP, pt);
            double theta = std::atan2(pt[1], pt[0]);
            double phi =
                std::atan2(pt[2], std::sqrt(std::pow(pt[0], 2) + std::pow(pt[1], 2)));
            double thisAmp =
                randAmp * std::cos(randThetaFreq * theta) * std::sin(randPhiFreq * phi);
            height->SetValue(iP, thisAmp);
            pt[0] += thisAmp * std::cos(theta) * std::cos(phi);
            pt[1] += thisAmp * std::sin(theta) * std::cos(phi);
            pt[2] += thisAmp * std::sin(phi);
            newSphere->GetPoints()->SetPoint(iP, pt);
        }
        newSphere->GetPointData()->SetScalars(height);

        // Reconfigure the pipeline to take the new deformed sphere.
        mapper->SetInputDataObject(newSphere);
        mapper->SetScalarModeToUsePointData();
        mapper->ColorByArrayComponent("Height", 0);
        window->Render();
    }
} // namespace

4.3 项目属性设定

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vtkGUISupportQt-9.3d.lib
vtkRenderingCore-9.3d.lib
vtkRenderingOpenGL2-9.3d.lib
vtkCommonCore-9.3d.lib
vtkCommonDataModel-9.3d.lib
vtkCommonExecutionModel-9.3d.lib
vtkFiltersCore-9.3d.lib
vtkFiltersSources-9.3d.lib
vtksys-9.3d.lib