Docker容器的使用

前提条件

Linux环境
安装好Docker，可参考Rocky Linux9下安装Docker和卸载Docker

Docker命令图

帮助命令

帮助命令，查看有哪些命令可以用
[root@localhost ~]# docker --help

查看某个命令的帮助，例如：run
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --help

容器命令的使用

运行容器

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
 
常用参数：
--name=NAME：为容器指定名字为NAME，不使用的话系统自动为容器命名
-d: 后台运行容器并返回容器ID，也即启动守护式容器(后台运行)；
-i：以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
-t：为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
-P: 随机端口映射，大写P,
-p: 指定端口映射，小写p, 格式 -p 宿主机端口:容器端口
-v：挂载

使用镜像，运行容器

sudo docker run --name nginx-test -p 8080:80 -d nginx

参数说明：

--name nginx-test ：容器名称。
-p 8080:80 ：端口进行映射，将宿主机（本地） 8080 端口映射到容器内部的 80 端口。
-d nginx ：设置容器在在后台一直运行。

操作

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker run --name nginx-test -p 90:80 -d nginx
703ef7d2c6b4a44a18ef729f11b8fdd235941d0e3a5b2ff3d5e4d25abc71cdf8

提示：以root用户执行docker命令不需要加sudo，普通用户在执行docker命令时需要添加sudo。

查看容器

查看正在运行的容器

docker ps

查看正在所有容器，包括之前运行过已停止但还未删除的。

docker ps -a

操作

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   18 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   18 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test
6a5ddf625373   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   21 hours ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                           nginx

访问Nginx

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ curl localhost:90
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

浏览器访问

ip:90

注意：如果是虚拟机的Linux，需要关闭防火墙；如果是云服务器，需要在云安全组放开90端口。

停止容器

docker stop <容器 ID>

操作

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   13 minutes ago   Up 13 minutes   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker stop 703ef7d2c6b4
703ef7d2c6b4

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

停止容器后，再次curl访问90端口

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ curl localhost:90
curl: (7) Failed connect to localhost:90; Connection refused

因为nginx容器已经停止，所以访问不了了。

查看所有容器，包括已停止的容器，查看到了刚才的运行的Nginx容器

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   16 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             nginx-test

重启容器

停止的容器可以通过 docker restart 重启：

$ docker restart <容器 ID>

操作

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker restart 703ef7d2c6b4
703ef7d2c6b4

查看正在运行的docker容器

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   41 minutes ago   Up 25 seconds   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

进入容器

在使用 -d 参数时，容器启动后会进入后台。此时想要进入容器，可以通过以下指令进入：

docker attach：进入容器，退出后，容器也会停止。
docker exec ：推荐大家使用 docker exec 命令，因为此命令会退出容器终端，但不会导致容器的停止。

操作

attach方式

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker attach 703ef7d2c6b4


按住Ctrl + C退出
^C2024/08/15 13:59:39 [notice] 1#1: signal 2 (SIGINT) received, exiting
2024/08/15 13:59:39 [notice] 25#25: exiting
2024/08/15 13:59:39 [notice] 25#25: exit
2024/08/15 13:59:39 [notice] 24#24: exiting
2024/08/15 13:59:39 [notice] 24#24: exit
2024/08/15 13:59:39 [notice] 1#1: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 24
2024/08/15 13:59:39 [notice] 1#1: worker process 24 exited with code 0
2024/08/15 13:59:39 [notice] 1#1: worker process 25 exited with code 0
2024/08/15 13:59:39 [notice] 1#1: exit

再次查看运行的容器，发现容器已经停止运行
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

exec方式（推荐使用）

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker restart 703ef7d2c6b4
703ef7d2c6b4

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   46 minutes ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

进入容器内部
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker exec -it 703ef7d2c6b4 /bin/bash
root@703ef7d2c6b4:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  docker-entrypoint.d  docker-entrypoint.sh  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@703ef7d2c6b4:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx

修改页面内容

容器内部查看页面默认的内容
root@703ef7d2c6b4:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

修改页面内容
root@703ef7d2c6b4:/# echo "hello world" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

访问容器内部80端口内容
root@703ef7d2c6b4:/# curl localhost:80
hello world

浏览器访问ip:90，看到了修改的内容

退出容器

root@703ef7d2c6b4:/# exit
exit
[hadoop@node1 ~]$

查看容器日志

docker logs -f <容器ID>

操作

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker logs -f 703ef7d2c6b4
...
省略部分输出
...
117.189.125.113 - - [15/Aug/2024:14:23:50 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" "-"

最后一条日志是浏览器访问时产生的

117.189.125.113 - - [15/Aug/2024:14:23:50 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" "-"

可以再次浏览器访问，看看输出日志的变化

按Ctrl + C 退出查看日志。

查看容器进程

docker top <容器ID>或者<容器名称>

操作

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About an hour ago   Up 27 minutes   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test


[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker top 703ef7d2c6b4
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                27814               27793               0                   22:01               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
101                 27850               27814               0                   22:01               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
101                 27851               27814               0                   22:01               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process


[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker top nginx-test
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                27814               27793               0                   22:01               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
101                 27850               27814               0                   22:01               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
101                 27851               27814               0                   22:01               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
[hadoop@node1 ~]$

查看容器资源占用情况

显示容器资源的使用情况，包括：CPU、内存、网络 I/O 等。

docker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]
 
OPTIONS：
--all , -a :显示所有的容器，包括未运行的。
--format :指定返回值的模板文件。
--no-stream :展示当前状态就直接退出了，不再实时更新。
--no-trunc :不截断输出。
 
example：
docker stats mynginx  # 容器名
docker stats af7928654200  # 容器ID

操作

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name nginx-test -p 8080:80 -d nginx

[root@localhost ~]# docker stats nginx-test

结果动态刷新

按Ctrl + c返回命令行。

暂停容器运行及取消暂停容器运行

暂停容器帮助
[root@localhost ~]# docker pause --help

Usage:  docker pause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Pause all processes within one or more containers

Aliases:
  docker container pause, docker pause

取消暂停容器帮助
[root@localhost ~]# docker unpause --help

Usage:  docker unpause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Unpause all processes within one or more containers

Aliases:
  docker container unpause, docker unpause

操作

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES
fe352b7ad389   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, [::]:8080->80/tcp   nginx-test

[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:8080
...
有返回内容

暂停容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker pause nginx-test
nginx-test

[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:8080
无返回内容

取消暂停容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker unpause nginx-test
nginx-test


[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:8080
...
有返回内容

容器差异对比

修改容器

进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it nginx-test /bin/bash

查看容器内部nginx首页
root@fe352b7ad389:/# ls /usr/share/nginx/html/
50x.html  index.html

修改首页
容器为精简版
root@fe352b7ad389:/# vi 1.txt   
bash: vi: command not found

root@fe352b7ad389:/# echo 'hello world' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html 
root@fe352b7ad389:/# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:8080
hello world

对比


对比命令帮助
[root@localhost ~]# docker diff --help

Usage:  docker diff CONTAINER

Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem

Aliases:
  docker container diff, docker diff

对比
[root@localhost ~]# docker diff nginx-test
C /etc
C /etc/nginx
C /etc/nginx/conf.d
C /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
C /usr
C /usr/share
C /usr/share/nginx
C /usr/share/nginx/html
C /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
C /var
C /var/cache
C /var/cache/nginx
A /var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/client_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp
C /run
A /run/nginx.pid

看到一些配置文件在容器运行时有更改，添加了一些缓存文件，同时index.html的修改体现出来了。

容器复制文件

帮助命令

[root@localhost ~]# docker cp --help

Usage:  docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
    docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH

Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem

Use '-' as the source to read a tar archive from stdin
and extract it to a directory destination in a container.
Use '-' as the destination to stream a tar archive of a
container source to stdout.

Aliases:
  docker container cp, docker cp

Options:
  -a, --archive       Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information)
  -L, --follow-link   Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH
  -q, --quiet         Suppress progress output during copy. Progress output is automatically suppressed if no
                      terminal is attached

从容器复制文件到宿主机

复制nginx容器的index.html到宿主机的当前目录
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp nginx-test:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html ./
Successfully copied 2.05kB to /root/./

[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  index.html

[root@localhost ~]# cat index.html 
hello world

从宿主机复制文件到容器

修改宿主机index.html文件
[root@localhost ~]# echo "hello docker" >> index.html
[root@localhost ~]# cat index.html 
hello world
hello docker

复制宿主机文件到容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp ./index.html nginx-test:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
Successfully copied 2.05kB to nginx-test:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

再次访问8080端口
[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:8080
hello world
hello docker

查看Docker容器底层信息

docker inspect记录底层信息包括，容器的配置及状态信息

docker inspect

操作

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker inspect nginx-test
[
    {
        "Id": "703ef7d2c6b4a44a18ef729f11b8fdd235941d0e3a5b2ff3d5e4d25abc71cdf8",
        "Created": "2024-08-15T13:14:23.488407988Z",
        "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "nginx",
            "-g",
            "daemon off;"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 27814,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2024-08-15T14:01:09.620292061Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2024-08-15T13:59:39.032902367Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:605c77e624ddb75e6110f997c58876baa13f8754486b461117934b24a9dc3a85",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/703ef7d2c6b4a44a18ef729f11b8fdd235941d0e3a5b2ff3d5e4d25abc71cdf8/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/703ef7d2c6b4a44a18ef729f11b8fdd235941d0e3a5b2ff3d5e4d25abc71cdf8/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/703ef7d2c6b4a44a18ef729f11b8fdd235941d0e3a5b2ff3d5e4d25abc71cdf8/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/703ef7d2c6b4a44a18ef729f11b8fdd235941d0e3a5b2ff3d5e4d25abc71cdf8/703ef7d2c6b4a44a18ef729f11b8fdd235941d0e3a5b2ff3d5e4d25abc71cdf8-json.log",
        "Name": "/nginx-test",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "bridge",
            "PortBindings": {
                "80/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "90"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "ConsoleSize": [
                24,
                80
            ],
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": [],
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware",
                "/sys/devices/virtual/powercap"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/85c05f16ba70e0f7b0ae92a6308b58f607e549f9363b06e245e336cd988be4fd-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b02fecf833fb25cd1e94324f315c363cc73162f4985aa53923b4e8fbf5055d81/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bac61cbe5790634305a8432a9dfb0b0034d09cd8dc45fd6d1ae25631ecbd8daf/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e8bb25e3796f5c494ca93d2481199f291206a5cd3cce2a4886596ac5156ddf19/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4df03de3126bc9f6084e68b4ce7bb5f617e52a8a12e06d8375a02c99fe75306a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fce829188934d76a0d63f2346c5969ad3d1a559f1d7737f43cb25bfda66dd350/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f920083f8c3b268e9444ffe6768575ccd9db9f512be0297baabd12e4ed1175b3/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/85c05f16ba70e0f7b0ae92a6308b58f607e549f9363b06e245e336cd988be4fd/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/85c05f16ba70e0f7b0ae92a6308b58f607e549f9363b06e245e336cd988be4fd/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/85c05f16ba70e0f7b0ae92a6308b58f607e549f9363b06e245e336cd988be4fd/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "703ef7d2c6b4",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "NGINX_VERSION=1.21.5",
                "NJS_VERSION=0.7.1",
                "PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "nginx",
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "Image": "nginx",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
            },
            "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "c3315125e38a83e2b871a1fc3ceb6547310f731215b83667972afd1e4f4caab5",
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c3315125e38a",
            "Ports": {
                "80/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "90"
                    },
                    {
                        "HostIp": "::",
                        "HostPort": "90"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "cd8cb3aa2535557c36b545a81dc1e9cc7c745dbc4103766e16f9b0ef39c0c2ea",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "NetworkID": "49699130213cd4e33a15ab50fa9d6f6244d1ce9f660c28fb33730c239f7ecc34",
                    "EndpointID": "cd8cb3aa2535557c36b545a81dc1e9cc7c745dbc4103766e16f9b0ef39c0c2ea",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "DriverOpts": null,
                    "DNSNames": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[hadoop@node1 ~]$

导出容器

docker export

操作

导出容器快照
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker export 703ef7d2c6b4 > mynginx.tar

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ ls
--add-repo  docker-client         docker-common  docker-latest            docker-logrotate                  flinkdemo-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  soft
bin         docker-client-latest  docker-engine  docker-latest-logrotate  flink-connector-kafka-1.17.1.jar  mynginx.tar                 softinstall
[hadoop@node1 ~]$

导入容器

docker import

操作

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ ll
total 141244
...
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 144026112 Aug 15 22:43 mynginx.tar
drwxrwxr-x 7 hadoop hadoop      4096 Mar 29 00:09 soft
drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop      4096 Mar 28 23:51 softinstall

导入容器快照成为镜像
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ cat mynginx.tar | sudo docker import - test/mynginx:v1
sha256:ada934093571adf88696ef0da86537c1f81d66635be079ad5da36f52e0605ac8
或者 直接使用docker import导入容器快照
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker import mynginx.tar test/mynginx1:v1.0
sha256:bd0f5df43117a76d81eaa820d25e963c9ce3dbfabb8100948f69f8c450061dd9


[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
test/mynginx1   v1.0      bd0f5df43117   6 seconds ago    140MB
test/mynginx    v1        ada934093571   13 minutes ago   140MB
nginx           latest    605c77e624dd   2 years ago      141MB
hello-world     latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 years ago      13.3kB

如果不写版本号，默认TAG是latest

此外，也可以通过指定 URL 或者某个目录来导入，例如：

$ docker import http://example.com/exampleimage.tgz example/imagerepo

运行容器，报错如下

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker run --name mynginx1 -p 92:80 -d test/mynginx1:v1.0
docker: Error response from daemon: no command specified.
See 'docker run --help'.

报错提示需要指定COMMAND

查看COMMAND

查看COMMAND为:/docker-entrypoint.sh nginx -g 'daemon off;'
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps --no-trunc
CONTAINER ID                                                       IMAGE     COMMAND                                          CREATED         STATUS             PORTS                               NAMES
1cfee1f2323f08c75d0fef8b42f8e2bde9094b2bfef416f48198e36ec1c4b331   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.sh nginx -g 'daemon off;'"   9 minutes ago   Up 9 minutes       0.0.0.0:91->80/tcp, :::91->80/tcp   nginx-test1
703ef7d2c6b4a44a18ef729f11b8fdd235941d0e3a5b2ff3d5e4d25abc71cdf8   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.sh nginx -g 'daemon off;'"   2 hours ago     Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

带上命令参数运行,成功如下
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker run --name mynginx1 -p 92:80 -d test/mynginx1:v1.0 /docker-entrypoint.sh nginx -g 'daemon off;'
aca58f0340a60ec8f93936c945e83cd8547e4b4669b2d5f9f6620b7dd909443b

查看镜像
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS             PORTS                               NAMES
aca58f0340a6   test/mynginx1:v1.0   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   14 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds      0.0.0.0:92->80/tcp, :::92->80/tcp   mynginx1
1cfee1f2323f   nginx                "/docker-entrypoint.…"   10 minutes ago   Up 10 minutes      0.0.0.0:91->80/tcp, :::91->80/tcp   nginx-test1
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx                "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago      Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

命令访问页面
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ curl localhost:92
hello world

移除容器

docker rm <容器ID>/<name>

操作

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker rm mynginx1
Error response from daemon: cannot remove container "/mynginx1": container is running: stop the container before removing or force remove

移除容器之前必须先删除容器，或者加上-f强制删除

[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker rm --help

Usage:  docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Remove one or more containers

Aliases:
  docker container rm, docker container remove, docker rm

Options:
  -f, --force     Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
  -l, --link      Remove the specified link
  -v, --volumes   Remove anonymous volumes associated with the container
[hadoop@node1 ~]$

先停止容器，再删除容器

停止容器
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker stop mynginx1
mynginx1

删除容器
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker rm mynginx1
mynginx1


查看正在运行的容器，没有mynginx1
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS             PORTS                               NAMES
1cfee1f2323f   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   23 minutes ago   Up 23 minutes      0.0.0.0:91->80/tcp, :::91->80/tcp   nginx-test1
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago      Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

查看所有容器，也没有mynginx1
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS             PORTS                               NAMES
1cfee1f2323f   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   25 minutes ago   Up 25 minutes      0.0.0.0:91->80/tcp, :::91->80/tcp   nginx-test1
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago      Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

-f强制删除容器

启动容器
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker run --name mynginx2 -p 93:80 -d test/mynginx:v1 /docker-entrypoint.sh nginx -g 'daemon off;'
8914e1b3fe3fdeca9db2143976bceab6fcaecb80ba9ff474758b0d2a04c1b512

查看运行的容器
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS             PORTS                               NAMES
8914e1b3fe3f   test/mynginx:v1   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   13 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds      0.0.0.0:93->80/tcp, :::93->80/tcp   mynginx2
1cfee1f2323f   nginx             "/docker-entrypoint.…"   27 minutes ago   Up 27 minutes      0.0.0.0:91->80/tcp, :::91->80/tcp   nginx-test1
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx             "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago      Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

访问93端口
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ curl localhost:93
hello world

删除容器
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker rm -f 8914e1b3fe3f
8914e1b3fe3f

再次查看运行的容器
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS             PORTS                               NAMES
1cfee1f2323f   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   29 minutes ago   Up 29 minutes      0.0.0.0:91->80/tcp, :::91->80/tcp   nginx-test1
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago      Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

查看所有容器
[hadoop@node1 ~]$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS             PORTS                               NAMES
1cfee1f2323f   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   30 minutes ago   Up 30 minutes      0.0.0.0:91->80/tcp, :::91->80/tcp   nginx-test1
703ef7d2c6b4   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago      Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx-test

批量删除容器

批量删除容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS                      PORTS                                     NAMES
b27b99ac2f44   nginx         "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 weeks ago   Exited (255) 13 hours ago   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, [::]:8080->80/tcp   nginx-test
80cd29b75497   hello-world   "/hello"                 2 weeks ago   Exited (0) 2 weeks ago                                                charming_liskov
e62e04394ccc   hello-world   "/hello"                 4 weeks ago   Exited (0) 4 weeks ago                                                jolly_driscoll


[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
b27b99ac2f44
80cd29b75497
e62e04394ccc

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES





docker ps帮助
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps --help

Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]

List containers

Aliases:
  docker container ls, docker container list, docker container ps, docker ps

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Format output using a custom template:
                        'table':            Print output in table format with column headers (default)
                        'table TEMPLATE':   Print output in table format using the given Go template
                        'json':             Print in JSON format
                        'TEMPLATE':         Print output using the given Go template.
                        Refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/formatting/ for more information about formatting
                        output with templates
  -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
  -l, --latest          Show the latest created container (includes all states)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only display container IDs
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes