
Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)和Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS是现阶段(2024年9月26日)两个发行版的最新版本。Ubuntu Server版本默认就不带桌面(ubuntu-24.04-live-server-amd64.iso),这个默认就是最小化安装(安装包量:500左右);Debian 虽带桌面了(debian-12.7.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso),但是在安装选择安装包阶段,可以选择是否要安装桌面;最简安装,安装包量不到400。
默认未安装启用防火墙
如果"最小化安装"或者"去桌面环境安装",这俩发行版默认是不带防火墙的。需要安装完毕后,登录系统选装(ufw、firewalld),个人使用firewalld习惯了,所以选装了firewalld:
1、先更新可用包列表,然后将系统更新到最新
 sudo apt update
 sudo apt upgrade 
注:
-  
update - update list of available packages
 -  
upgrade - upgrade the system by installing/upgrading packages
 -  
full-upgrade - upgrade the system by removing/installing/upgrading packages
 
2、安装firewalld防火墙
 sudo apt -y install firewalld 
默认没安装旧的一套网络管理工具
例如:ifconfig、netstat、arp、route等,需要手动安装才会有。
 sudo apt -y install net-tools 
默认未安装NetworkManager网络管理器
习惯了使用nmcli、nmtui命令管理和配置IP地址等信息,没有安装感觉就不习惯了。
Debian12*还好,可以使用老方法配置
1、通过/etc/network/interfaces配置IP等
 ~# cat /etc/network/interfaces
 # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
 # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
 
 source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
 
 # The loopback network interface
 auto lo
 iface lo inet loopback
 
 # The primary network interface
 allow-hotplug ens192
 iface ens192 inet static
         address 192.168.xx.217/24
         gateway 192.168.xx.1
         # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed
         dns-nameservers 192.168.xx.1 223.5.5.5 8.8.8.8 
2、重启networking服务
 ~# systemctl restart networking
 ~# systemctl status networking
 * networking.service - Raise network interfaces
      Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/networking.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
      Active: active (exited) since Thu 2024-09-26 16:33:41 CST; 1h 43min ago
        Docs: man:interfaces(5)
    Main PID: 1053 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
         CPU: 197ms
 
 Sep 26 16:33:41 debian127-xx-215 systemd[1]: Starting networking.service -
 Raise network interfaces...
 Sep 26 16:33:41 debian127-xx-215 systemd[1]: Finished networking.service -
 Raise network interfaces. 
Ubuntu Server 24.04就略有不同(引入了netplan 工具)
1、修改配置文件/etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
 ~# cat /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml 
 # This file is generated from information provided by the datasource.  Changes
 # to it will not persist across an instance reboot.  To disable cloud-init's
 # network configuration capabilities, write a file
 # /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
 # network: {config: disabled}
 network:
     ethernets:
         ens192:
             addresses:
             - 192.168.xx.152/24
             nameservers:
                 addresses:
                 - 223.5.5.5
                 search: []
             routes:
             -   to: default
                 via: 192.168.xx.1
     version: 2 
2、执行sudo netplan apply应用;
默认Debian12.7的最简安装没有装sudo
~# apt -y install sudo 
配置Debian12.7的网络镜像站
如果安装时,没有配置,那么Debian默认不会生成可用的sources.list文件。需要手动配置一下:一般我喜欢使用阿里镜像站,但是在其debian镜像站配置帮助页面,只有11.*及一下版本的,没有12.*的。
1、拷贝或者使用11.*的sources.list文件
2、执行如下命令进行替换,以适用12.*
 sed -i 's/bullseye/bookworm/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
 sed -i 's/non-free contrib/non-free non-free-firmware/g' /etc/apt/sources.list 
3、执行apt update验证



















