(16)prometheus（普罗米修斯）监控的搭建

news2025/10/31 17:53:49

prometheus是由go语言编写的，监控服务器是否正常运行的工具，使用experter工具收集数据，传到prometheus服务器。可以结合grafana图形化和pagerduty报警发送有邮件和信息。

实验环境：

关掉防火墙和selinux

grafana.example.com 192.168.121.50 grafana

Prometheus.example.com 192.168.121.40

client1.example.com 192.168.121.30

一、安装prometheus

官网：
https://prometheus.io/

1.1下载压缩包

1.2搭建prometheus

#hostnamectl hostname prometheus.example.com

#bash

[root@prometheus ~]# yum -y install chrony tar lrzsz

[root@prometheus ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
[root@prometheus ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
[root@prometheus ~]# hwclock -w

[root@prometheus ~]# tar -xzvf prometheus-2.54.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ 是二进制安装包，解压后可以直接使用

[root@prometheus ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@prometheus local]# mv prometheus-2.54.0.linux-amd64/ prometheus

# egrep -n : /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml | awk -F'#' '{print $1}'

2:global: 全局配置段

3: scrape_interval: 15s 每15s抓取(采集)数据一次

4: evaluation_interval: 15s 每15秒计算一次规则

8:alerting: Alertmanager报警相关

9: alertmanagers:

10: - static_configs:

11: - targets:

12:

15:rule_files: 规则文件列表

19: 21:scrape_configs: 抓取的配置文件(也就是监控的实例)

23: - job_name: 'prometheus' 监控的实例名称

28: static_configs:

29: - targets: ['localhost:9090'] 监控的实例IP与端口,在这里为监控服务器本身

[root@prometheus local]# /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file="/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml" & 使用prometheus命令，启动文件为/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml，&后台运行

#ss -anlt 查看9090端口是否启用

在浏览器192.168.121.30:9090访问

process_cpu_seconds_total

查看cpu的情况

二、监控远程主机192.168.121.30，和自己本身192.168.121.40

使用node_exporter节点工具，在官网可以下载

[root@client1 ~]# yum -y install chrony tar lrzsz

#timedatectl 时间同步

使用xsell拖到当前目录，解压

[root@client1 ~]# tar -xzvf node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[root@client1 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@client1 local]# mv node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64/ node_exporter

[root@client1 local]# nohup /usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter &
[root@client1 local]# ss -anlt 使用9100端口，9100端口启用，查看

[root@prometheus local]# cd /usr/local/prometheus/
[root@prometheus prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml
- job_name: "client1"
static_configs:
- targets: ["192.168.121.30:9100"]

端口是9100，node_experort的端口

# ps -ef | grep prometheus | grep -v grep

[root@prometheus ~]# ps -ef | grep prometheus | grep -v grep
root 11043 1366 0 16:13 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
[root@prometheus ~]# kill -9 11043
[root@prometheus ~]# ps -ef | grep prometheus | grep -v grep
[1]+ Killed /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file="/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml"

[root@prometheus ~]# /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file="/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml" & 重新运行，因为没有写到system里面，所以使用二进制命令运行重启

[root@prometheus ~]# ss -anlt

网页刷新查看主机

[root@prometheus ~]# tar -xzvf node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

在192.168.121.40的主机上同样的操作

[root@prometheus ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@prometheus local]# mv node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64/ node_exporter
[root@prometheus local]# nohup /usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter & 同样后台运行插件节点_exporter

[root@prometheus local]# vim /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml

- job_name: "promethues"
static_configs:
- targets: ["192.168.121.40:9100"]

[root@prometheus local]# ps -ef | grep prometheus | grep -v grep

root 11125 1366 0 16:16 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
[root@prometheus local]# kill -9 11125
[root@prometheus local]# /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file="/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml" &

三、下载mysql_exporter组件，在官网

[root@client1 ~]# tar -xzvf mysqld_exporter-0.15.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[root@client1 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@client1 local]# mv mysqld_exporter-0.15.1.linux-amd64/ mysql_exporter
[root@client1 local]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

[root@client1 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service
[root@client1 ~]# systemctl enable mariadb

不用初始化，能进去就行了

#mysql

[root@client1 ~]# mysql

prometheus 服务器找mysqld_exporter,mysqld_exporter再找mariadb。所以这个localhost是指的mysql_exporter

授权给本地用户就行了

MariaDB [(none)]> select user();

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'mysql_monitor'@'localhost' identified by '123';

授权给监视用户所有权限，对于所有数据库中的所有表，密码为123

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

MariaDB [(none)]> exit

[root@client1 ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql_exporter/.my.cnf

创建隐藏文件.my.cnf，隐藏文件前面有个点，写入三行内容，刚设置的数据库的用户和密码

[client]
user=mysql_monitor
password=123

[root@client1 ~]# nohup /usr/local/mysql_exporter/mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/usr/local/mysql_exporter/.my.cnf &

使用mysql_exporter命令，启动文件为刚创建的隐藏文件.my.cnf

[root@client1 ~]# ss -anlt 查看9104端口启用

在服务端

#cd/usr/local

[root@prometheus local]# vim prometheus/prometheus.yml

[root@prometheus ~]# ps -ef | grep prometheus | grep -v grep
root 11229 1366 0 16:27 pts/0 00:00:03 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
[root@prometheus ~]# kill -9 11229

[root@prometheus ~]# /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file="/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml" &

[root@prometheus ~]# ss -anlt 查看9090端口启用时刷新网页

全部变为绿色，启用成功

查看mysql连接数

mysql_global_status_threads_connected

只要一个，添加三个

刷新查看到四个

三、granfana的安装并连接prometheus

前言：granfana是一种可视化工具，将数据图形化，可以结合prometheus、zabbix的数据脚本和参数，形成图形化和告警。

官网：

https://grafana.com/

Download Grafana | Grafana Labs

下载

#yum install -y https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-11.1.4-1.x86_64.rpm

版本，社区版兼容性更好

[root@node5 ~]# yum -y install lrzsz tar chrony

[root@node5 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
[root@node5 ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
[root@node5 ~]# hwclock -w

[root@node5 ~]# hostnamectl hostname grafana.example.com
[root@node5 ~]# bash
更改主机名

#vim /etc/hosts

三台主机都写

192.168.121.30 client1.example.com client1
192.168.121.40 prometheus.example.com prometheus
192.168.121.50 grafana.example.com grafana

[root@grafana ~]# rpm -ivh grafana-6.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm

安装grafana的rpm包，需要安装三个依赖包
warning: grafana-6.4.2-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 24098cb6: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
   fontconfig is needed by grafana-6.4.2-1.x86_64
   freetype is needed by grafana-6.4.2-1.x86_64
   urw-fonts is needed by grafana-6.4.2-1.x86_64
[root@grafana ~]# yum -y install fontconfig freetype urw-fonts