(1)Java和C++在变量类型命名和使用
基本数据类型
 对象类型与引用类型 
 
特殊类型
关键字和修饰符 
 
(2)快照图:
-  IDE调试工具: - 许多IDE(如Eclipse、IntelliJ IDEA)提供了调试功能,可以在调试过程中查看程序的堆栈和堆的状态,帮助理解快照图。
 
示例代码:
public class SnapshotExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 20;
        int c = a + b;
        String s1 = "Hello";
        String s2 = s1 + " World";
        Person p = new Person("Alice", 30);
        p.setAge(31);
    }
}
class Person {
    String name;
    int age;
    Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}
快照图:
Stack (栈)                Heap (堆)
+-------------------+     +------------------------+
| main()            |     | (String@1) "Hello"     |
|-------------------|     +------------------------+
| a  -> 10          |     | (String@2) "Hello World"|
| b  -> 20          |     +------------------------+
| c  -> 30          |     | (Person@3)             |
| s1 -> (String@1)  |     |    name -> "Alice"     |
| s2 -> (String@2)  |     |    age  -> 31          |
| p  -> (Person@3)  |     +------------------------+
+-------------------+
(3)Java集合框架(Collections Framework)
import java.util.*;
public class CollectionOperations {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 列表操作
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("苹果", "香蕉", "橙子"));
        list.remove("香蕉");
        list.forEach(item -> System.out.println("列表项: " + item));
        // 集合操作
        Set<String> set = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("猫", "狗", "鸟"));
        set.remove("狗");
        set.forEach(item -> System.out.println("集合项: " + item));
        // 映射操作
        Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("约翰", 25);
        map.put("简", 30);
        map.forEach((key, value) -> System.out.println(key + "的年龄是: " + value));
    }
}





















