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全套教程部分目录:


部分文件图片:

什么是pinia
Pinia 是 Vue 的专属状态管理库,可以实现跨组件或页面共享状态,是 vuex 状态管理工具的替代品,和 Vuex相比,具备以下优势
- 提供更加简单的API (去掉了 mutation )
 - 提供符合组合式API风格的API (和 Vue3 新语法统一)
 - 去掉了modules的概念,每一个store都是一个独立的模块
 - 搭配 TypeScript 一起使用提供可靠的类型推断
 
创建空Vue项目并安装Pinia
1. 创建空Vue项目
npm init vue@latest
 
2. 安装Pinia并注册
npm i pinia
 
import { createPinia } from 'pinia'
const app = createApp(App)
// 以插件的形式注册
app.use(createPinia())
app.use(router)
app.mount('#app')
 
实现counter
核心步骤:
- 定义store
 - 组件使用store
 
1- 定义store
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
import { ref } from 'vue'
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', ()=>{
  // 数据 (state)
  const count = ref(0)
  // 修改数据的方法 (action)
  const increment = ()=>{
    count.value++
  }
  // 以对象形式返回
  return {
    count,
    increment
  }
})
 
2- 组件使用store
<script setup>
  // 1. 导入use方法
	import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
  // 2. 执行方法得到store store里有数据和方法
  const counterStore = useCounterStore()
</script>
<template>
	<button @click="counterStore.increment">
    {{ counterStore.count }}
  </button>
</template>
 
实现getters
getters直接使用计算属性即可实现
// 数据(state)
const count = ref(0)
// getter (computed)
const doubleCount = computed(() => count.value * 2)
 
异步action
思想:action函数既支持同步也支持异步,和在组件中发送网络请求写法保持一致
步骤:
- store中定义action
 - 组件中触发action
 
1- store中定义action
const API_URL = '
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', ()=>{
  // 数据
  const list = ref([])
  // 异步action
  const loadList = async ()=>{
    const res = await axios.get(API_URL)
    list.value = res.data.data.channels
  }
  
  return {
    list,
    loadList
  }
})
 
2- 组件中调用action
<script setup>
	import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
  const counterStore = useCounterStore()
  // 调用异步action
  counterStore.loadList()
</script>
<template>
	<ul>
    <li v-for="item in counterStore.list" :key="item.id">{{ item.name }}</li>
  </ul>
</template>
 
storeToRefs保持响应式解构
直接基于store进行解构赋值,响应式数据(state和getter)会丢失响应式特性,使用storeToRefs辅助保持响应式
<script setup>
  import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
	import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
  const counterStore = useCounterStore()
  // 使用它storeToRefs包裹之后解构保持响应式
  const { count } = storeToRefs(counterStore)
  const { increment } = counterStore
  
</script>
<template>
	<button @click="increment">
    {{ count }}
  </button>
</template>
 
创建项目并整理目录
npm init vue@latest
 
],
    }),
    Components({
      resolvers: [ElementPlusResolver()],
    }),
  ]
})
 
3. 测试组件
<template>
  <el-button type="primary">i am button</el-button>
</template>
 
定制elementPlus主题
1. 安装sass
基于vite的项目默认不支持css预处理器,需要开发者单独安装
npm i sass -D
 
2. 准备定制化的样式文件
/* 只需要重写你需要的即可 */
@forward 'element-plus/theme-chalk/src/common/var.scss' with (
  $colors: (
    'primary': (
      // 主色
      'base': #27ba9b,
    ),
    'success': (
      // 成功色
      'base': #1dc779,
    ),
    'warning': (
      // 警告色
      'base': #ffb302,
    ),
    'danger': (
      // 危险色
      'base': #e26237,
    ),
    'error': (
      // 错误色
      'base': #cf4444,
    ),
  )
)
 
3. 自动导入配置
这里自动导入需要深入到elementPlus的组件中,按照官方的配置文档来
- 自动导入定制化样式文件进行样式覆盖
 - 按需定制主题配置 (需要安装 unplugin-element-plus)
 
import { fileURLToPath, URL } from 'node:url'
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'
import AutoImport from 'unplugin-auto-import/vite'
import Components from 'unplugin-vue-components/vite'
import { ElementPlusResolver } from 'unplugin-vue-components/resolvers'
// 导入对应包
import ElementPlus from 'unplugin-element-plus/vite'
export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    vue(),
    AutoImport({
      resolvers: [ElementPlusResolver()],
    }),
    Components({
      resolvers: [ElementPlusResolver()],
    }),
    // 按需定制主题配置
    ElementPlus({
      useSource: true,
    }),
  ],
  resolve: {
    alias: {
      '@': fileURLToPath(new URL('./src', import.meta.url))
    }
  },
  css: {
    preprocessorOptions: {
      scss: {
        // 自动导入定制化样式文件进行样式覆盖
        additionalData: `
          @use "@/styles/element/index.scss" as *;
        `,
      }
    }
  }
})
 
axios安装并简单封装
1. 安装axios
npm i axios
 
2. 基础配置
官方文档地址:[
基础配置通常包括:
- 实例化 - baseURL + timeout
 - 拦截器 - 携带token 401拦截等
 
import axios from 'axios'
// 创建axios实例
const http = axios.create({
  baseURL: '
  timeout: 5000
})
// axios请求拦截器
instance.interceptors.request.use(config => {
  return config
}, e => Promise.reject(e))
// axios响应式拦截器
instance.interceptors.response.use(res => res.data, e => {
  return Promise.reject(e)
})
export default http
 
3. 封装请求函数并测试
import http from '@/utils/http'
export function getCategoryAPI () {
  return http({
    url: 'home/category/head'
  })
}
 
路由整体设计
路由设计原则:找页面的切换方式,如果是整体切换,则为一级路由,如果是在一级路由的内部进行的内容切换,则为二级路由
<template>
  我是登录页
</template>
 
<template>
  我是首页
</template>
 
<template>
  我是home
</template>
 
<template>
  我是分类
</template>
 
// createRouter:创建router实例对象
// createWebHistory:创建history模式的路由
import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
import Login from '@/views/Login/index.vue'
import Layout from '@/views/Layout/index.vue'
import Home from '@/views/Home/index.vue'
import Category from '@/views/Category/index.vue'
const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(import.meta.env.BASE_URL),
  // path和component对应关系的位置
  routes: [
    {
      path: '/',
      component: Layout,
      children: [
        {
          path: '',
          component: Home
        },
        {
          path: 'category',
          component: Category
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      path: '/login',
      component: Login
    }
  ]
})
export default router
 
静态资源引入和Error Lens安装
1. 静态资源引入
- 图片资源 - 把 images 文件夹放到 assets 目录下
 - 样式资源 - 把 common.scss 文件放到 styles 目录下
 
2. Error Lens插件安装
 no-repeat center 18px / contain;
    }
  }
  .app-header-nav {
    width: 820px;
    display: flex;
    padding-left: 40px;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 998;
  
    li {
      margin-right: 40px;
      width: 38px;
      text-align: center;
  
      a {
        font-size: 16px;
        line-height: 32px;
        height: 32px;
        display: inline-block;
  
        &:hover {
          color: $xtxColor;
          border-bottom: 1px solid $xtxColor;
        }
      }
  
      .active {
        color: $xtxColor;
        border-bottom: 1px solid $xtxColor;
      }
    }
  }
  .search {
    width: 170px;
    height: 32px;
    position: relative;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e7e7e7;
    line-height: 32px;
    .icon-search {
      font-size: 18px;
      margin-left: 5px;
    }
    input {
      width: 140px;
      padding-left: 5px;
      color: #666;
    }
  }
  .cart {
    width: 50px;
    .curr {
      height: 32px;
      line-height: 32px;
      text-align: center;
      position: relative;
      display: block;
      .icon-cart {
        font-size: 22px;
      }
      em {
        font-style: normal;
        position: absolute;
        right: 0;
        top: 0;
        padding: 1px 6px;
        line-height: 1;
        background: $helpColor;
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 12px;
        border-radius: 10px;
        font-family: Arial;
      }
    }
  }
}
</style>
 
<template>
  <footer class="app_footer">
    <!-- 联系我们 -->
    <div class="contact">
      <div class="container">
        <dl>
          <dt>客户服务</dt>
          <dd><i class="iconfont icon-kefu"></i> 在线客服</dd>
          <dd><i class="iconfont icon-question"></i> 问题反馈</dd>
        </dl>
        <dl>
          <dt>关注我们</dt>
          <dd><i class="iconfont icon-weixin"></i> 公众号</dd>
          <dd><i class="iconfont icon-weibo"></i> 微博</dd>
        </dl>
        <dl>
          <dt>下载APP</dt>
          <dd class="qrcode"><img src="images/41474d5f-a7c8-40c2-b60c-14bbbfa30f13-1710675035.jpg" /></dd>
          <dd class="download">
            <span>扫描二维码</span>
            <span>立马下载APP</span>
            <a href="javascript:;">下载页面</a>
          </dd>
        </dl>
        <dl>
          <dt>服务热线</dt>
          <dd class="hotline">400-0000-000 <small>周一至周日 8:00-18:00</small></dd>
        </dl>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- 其它 -->
    <div class="extra">
      <div class="container">
        <div class="slogan">
          <a href="javascript:;">
            <i class="iconfont icon-footer01"></i>
            <span>价格亲民</span>
          </a>
          <a href="javascript:;">
            <i class="iconfont icon-footer02"></i>
            <span>物流快捷</span>
          </a>
          <a href="javascript:;">
            <i class="iconfont icon-footer03"></i>
            <span>品质新鲜</span>
          </a>
        </div>
        <!-- 版权信息 -->
        <div class="copyright">
          <p>
            <a href="javascript:;">关于我们</a>
            <a href="javascript:;">帮助中心</a>
            <a href="javascript:;">售后服务</a>
            <a href="javascript:;">配送与验收</a>
            <a href="javascript:;">商务合作</a>
            <a href="javascript:;">搜索推荐</a>
            <a href="javascript:;">友情链接</a>
          </p>
          <p>CopyRight © 小兔鲜儿</p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </footer>
</template>
<style scoped lang='scss'>
.app_footer {
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
  padding-top: 20px;
  .contact {
    background: #fff;
    .container {
      padding: 60px 0 40px 25px;
      display: flex;
    }
    dl {
      height: 190px;
      text-align: center;
      padding: 0 72px;
      border-right: 1px solid #f2f2f2;
      color: #999;
      &:first-child {
        padding-left: 0;
      }
      &:last-child {
        border-right: none;
        padding-right: 0;
      }
    }
    dt {
      line-height: 1;
      font-size: 18px;
    }
    dd {
      margin: 36px 12px 0 0;
      float: left;
      width: 92px;
      height: 92px;
      padding-top: 10px;
      border: 1px solid #ededed;
      .iconfont {
        font-size: 36px;
        display: block;
        color: #666;
      }
      &:hover {
        .iconfont {
          color: $xtxColor;
        }
      }
      &:last-child {
        margin-right: 0;
      }
    }
    .qrcode {
      width: 92px;
      height: 92px;
      padding: 7px;
      border: 1px solid #ededed;
    }
    .download {
      padding-top: 5px;
      font-size: 14px;
      width: auto;
      height: auto;
      border: none;
      span {
        display: block;
      }
      a {
        display: block;
        line-height: 1;
        padding: 10px 25px;
        margin-top: 5px;
        color: #fff;
        border-radius: 2px;
        background-color: $xtxColor;
      }
    }
    .hotline {
      padding-top: 20px;
      font-size: 22px;
      color: #666;
      width: auto;
      height: auto;
      border: none;
      small {
        display: block;
        font-size: 15px;
        color: #999;
      }
    }
  }
  .extra {
    background-color: #333;
  }
  .slogan {
    height: 178px;
    line-height: 58px;
    padding: 60px 100px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #434343;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    a {
      height: 58px;
      line-height: 58px;
      color: #fff;
      font-size: 28px;
      i {
        font-size: 50px;
        vertical-align: middle;
        margin-right: 10px;
        font-weight: 100;
      }
      span {
        vertical-align: middle;
        text-shadow: 0 0 1px #333;
      }
    }
  }
  .copyright {
    height: 170px;
    padding-top: 40px;
    text-align: center;
    color: #999;
    font-size: 15px;
    p {
      line-height: 1;
      margin-bottom: 20px;
    }
    a {
      color: #999;
      line-height: 1;
      padding: 0 10px;
      border-right: 1px solid #999;
      &:last-child {
        border-right: none;
      }
    }
  }
}
</style>
 
<script setup>
import LayoutNav from './components/LayoutNav.vue'
import LayoutHeader from './components/LayoutHeader.vue'
import LayoutFooter from './components/LayoutFooter.vue'
</script>
<template>
  <LayoutNav />
  <LayoutHeader />
  <RouterView />
  <LayoutFooter />
</template>
 
字体图标渲染
字体图标采用的是阿里的字体图标库,样式文件已经准备好,在
index.html文件中引入即可
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//at.alicdn.com/t/font_2143783_iq6z4ey5vu.css">
 
一级导航渲染
 {
  return httpInstance({
    url: '/home/category/head'
  })
}
 
<script setup>
  import { getCategoryAPI } from '@/apis/layout'
  import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue'
  const categoryList = ref([])
  const getCategory = async () => {
    const res = await getCategoryAPI()
    categoryList.value = res.result
  }
  onMounted(() => getCategory())
</script>
<template>
  <header class='app-header'>
    <div class="container">
      <h1 class="logo">
        <RouterLink to="/">小兔鲜</RouterLink>
      </h1>
      <ul class="app-header-nav">
        <li class="home" v-for="item in categoryList" :key="item.id">
          <RouterLink to="/">{{ item.name }}</RouterLink>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <div class="search">
        <i class="iconfont icon-search"></i>
        <input type="text" placeholder="搜一搜">
        </div>
      <!-- 头部购物车 -->
    </div>
  </header>
</template>
 
吸顶导航交互实现
1. 准备组件静态结构
<script setup>
</script>
<template>
  <div class="app-header-sticky">
    <div class="container">
      <RouterLink class="logo" to="/" />
      <!-- 导航区域 -->
      <ul class="app-header-nav ">
        <li class="home">
          <RouterLink to="/">首页</RouterLink>
        </li>
        <li>
          <RouterLink to="/">居家</RouterLink>
        </li>
        <li>
          <RouterLink to="/">美食</RouterLink>
        </li>
        <li>
          <RouterLink to="/">服饰</RouterLink>
        </li>
        <li>
          <RouterLink to="/">母婴</RouterLink>
        </li>
        <li>
          <RouterLink to="/">个护</RouterLink>
        </li>
        <li>
          <RouterLink to="/">严选</RouterLink>
        </li>
        <li>
          <RouterLink to="/">数码</RouterLink>
        </li>
        <li>
          <RouterLink to="/">运动</RouterLink>
        </li>
        <li>
          <RouterLink to="/">杂项</RouterLink>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <div class="right">
        <RouterLink to="/">品牌</RouterLink>
        <RouterLink to="/">专题</RouterLink>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
<style scoped lang='scss'>
.app-header-sticky {
  width: 100%;
  height: 80px;
  position: fixed;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 999;
  background-color: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e4;
  // 此处为关键样式!!!
  // 状态一:往上平移自身高度 + 完全透明
  transform: translateY(-100%);
  opacity: 0;
  // 状态二:移除平移 + 完全不透明
  &.show {
    transition: all 0.3s linear;
    transform: none;
    opacity: 1;
  }
  .container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
  }
  .logo {
    width: 200px;
    height: 80px;
    background: url("@/assets/images/logo.png") no-repeat right 2px;
    background-size: 160px auto;
  }
  .right {
    width: 220px;
    display: flex;
    text-align: center;
    padding-left: 40px;
    border-left: 2px solid $xtxColor;
    a {
      width: 38px;
      margin-right: 40px;
      font-size: 16px;
      line-height: 1;
      &:hover {
        color: $xtxColor;
      }
    }
  }
}
.app-header-nav {
  width: 820px;
  display: flex;
  padding-left: 40px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 998;
  li {
    margin-right: 40px;
    width: 38px;
    text-align: center;
    a {
      font-size: 16px;
      line-height: 32px;
      height: 32px;
      display: inline-block;
      &:hover {
        color: $xtxColor;
        border-bottom: 1px solid $xtxColor;
      }
    }
    .active {
      color: $xtxColor;
      border-bottom: 1px solid $xtxColor;
    }
  }
}
</style>
 
2. 渲染基础数据
3. 实现吸顶交互
核心逻辑:根据滚动距离判断当前show类名是否显示,大于78显示,小于78,不显示
<script setup>
import LayoutHeaderUl from './LayoutHeaderUl.vue'
// vueUse
import { useScroll } from '@vueuse/core'
const { y } = useScroll(window)
</script>
<template>
  <div class="app-header-sticky" :class="{ show: y > 78 }">
    <!-- 省略部分代码 -->
  </div>
</template>
 
Pinia优化重复请求
import { ref } from 'vue'
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
import { getCategoryAPI } from '@/apis/layout'
export const useCategoryStore = defineStore('category', () => {
  // 导航列表的数据管理
  // state 导航列表数据
  const categoryList = ref([])
  // action 获取导航数据的方法
  const getCategory = async () => {
    const res = await getCategoryAPI()
    categoryList.value = res.result
  }
  return {
    categoryList,
    getCategory
  }
})
 










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