文章目录
- 简介
 - 一、快速入门
 - 二、Servlet 执行流程
 - 三、Servlet 生命周期
 - 四、Servlet 方法介绍
 - 五、Servlet 体系结构
 - 六、Servlet urlPattern配置
 - 七、XML 配置方式编写 Servlet
 
简介

一、快速入门

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
package com.itheima.web;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/demo1")
public class MyHttpServlet implements Servlet {
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Hello World");
    }
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
    }
    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }
    protected void doPost(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) {
    }
    protected void doGet(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) {
    }
    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }
}
 
二、Servlet 执行流程

三、Servlet 生命周期

package com.itheima.web;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * Servlet 生命周期方法
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/demo2",loadOnStartup = 1)
public class ServletDemo2 implements Servlet {
    /**
     * 初始化方法
     * 1. 调用时机:默认情况下,Servlet被第一次访问时,调用
     *      * loadOnStartup:
     * 2. 调用次数:1次
     * @param config
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init...");
    }
    /**
     * 提供服务
     * 1. 调用时机:每一次Servlet被访问时,调用
     * 2. 调用次数:多次
     *
     *
     * @param req
     * @param res
     * @throws ServletException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("servlet hello world~");
    }
    /**
     * 销毁方法
     * 1. 调用时机:内存释放或者服务器关闭的时候,Servlet对象会被销毁,调用
     * 2. 调用次数:1次
     */
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy...");
    }
    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }
}
 
四、Servlet 方法介绍

package com.itheima.web;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * Servlet 方法介绍
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/demo3",loadOnStartup = 1)
public class ServletDemo3 implements Servlet {
    private ServletConfig config;
    /**
     * 初始化方法
     * 1. 调用时机:默认情况下,Servlet被第一次访问时,调用
     *      * loadOnStartup:
     * 2. 调用次数:1次
     * @param config
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        this.config = config;
        System.out.println("init...");
    }
    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return config;
    }
    /**
     * 提供服务
     * 1. 调用时机:每一次Servlet被访问时,调用
     * 2. 调用次数:多次
     *
     *
     * @param req
     * @param res
     * @throws ServletException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("servlet hello world~");
    }
    /**
     * 销毁方法
     * 1. 调用时机:内存释放或者服务器关闭的时候,Servlet对象会被销毁,调用
     * 2. 调用次数:1次
     */
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy...");
    }
    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return "";
    }
}
 
五、Servlet 体系结构

package com.itheima.web;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/demo4")
public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get...");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post...");
    }
}
 
要调用dopost方法时,要在webapp中写一个html,方便查看
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/web-demo/demo5" method="post">
    <input name="username"><input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
 

package com.itheima.web;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MyHttpServlet implements Servlet {
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 根据请求方式的不同,进行分别的处理
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        //1. 获取请求方式
        String method = request.getMethod();
        //2. 判断
        if("GET".equals(method)){
            // get方式的处理逻辑
            doGet(req,res);
        }else if("POST".equals(method)){
            // post方式的处理逻辑
            doPost(req,res);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
    }
    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }
    protected void doPost(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) {
    }
    protected void doGet(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) {
    }
    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }
}
 
继承HttpServlet
package com.itheima.web;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/demo5")
public class ServletDemo5 extends MyHttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) {
        System.out.println("get。。。。");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) {
        System.out.println("post。。。。");
    }
}
 
六、Servlet urlPattern配置

 
 
 
七、XML 配置方式编写 Servlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    
    <!--
        Servlet 全类名
    -->
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>demo13</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.itheima.web.ServletDemo13</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    
    
    <!--
        Servlet 访问路径
    -->
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>demo13</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/demo13</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
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