文章目录
- 一、概述
- 二、Nginx handler模块开发
- 2.1、代码实现
- 2.2、编写config文件
- 2.3、编译模块到Nginx源码中
- 2.4、修改conf文件
- 2.5、执行效果
 
- 总结
一、概述
上一篇【Nginx模块开发之http handler实现流量统计(1)】使用数组在单进程实现了IP的流量统计,这一篇将进行优化,使用红黑树的数据结构以及共享内存的方式实现进程间通信。
进程间通信的方式:
 (1)进程在不同的机器中,使用网络进行通信。
 (2)进程在同一个机器,并且进程间的关系是父子进程关系,可以使用共享内存。
 (3)使用unix_sock,比如文件soket。在MySQL使用的就是这种进程通信方式。
 (4)pipe,管道。
二、Nginx handler模块开发
2.1、代码实现
在重点地方添加了注释,主要是红黑树的添加和使用,以及共享内存的使用。
核心:
 1.nginx获取请求。ngx_command_t中设置ngx_http_pagecount_set。
 2.conf文件解析到模块的cmd时,初始化共享内存以及互斥锁。
 3.红黑树的初始化。
 4.组织网页时,需要遍历红黑树找到IP并做流量统计。
#include <ngx_http.h>
#include <ngx_config.h>
#include <ngx_core.h>
#define ENABLE_RBTREE	1
static char *ngx_http_pagecount_set(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf);
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_pagecount_handler(ngx_http_request_t *r);
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_pagecount_init(ngx_conf_t *cf);
static void  *ngx_http_pagecount_create_location_conf(ngx_conf_t *cf);
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_pagecount_shm_init (ngx_shm_zone_t *zone, void *data);
static void ngx_http_pagecount_rbtree_insert_value(ngx_rbtree_node_t *temp,
        ngx_rbtree_node_t *node, ngx_rbtree_node_t *sentinel);
// 命令解析
static ngx_command_t count_commands[] = {
	{
		ngx_string("count"),
		NGX_HTTP_LOC_CONF | NGX_CONF_NOARGS,
		ngx_http_pagecount_set,//遇到模块命令时调用
		NGX_HTTP_LOC_CONF_OFFSET,
		0, 
		NULL
	},
	ngx_null_command
};
static ngx_http_module_t count_ctx = {
	NULL,
	ngx_http_pagecount_init,//初始化
	
	NULL,
	NULL,
	NULL,
	NULL,
	// conf文件解析到location时调用
	ngx_http_pagecount_create_location_conf,
	NULL,
};
//ngx_http_count_module 
ngx_module_t ngx_http_pagecount_module = {
	NGX_MODULE_V1,
	&count_ctx,
	count_commands,
	NGX_HTTP_MODULE,
	NULL,
	NULL,
	NULL,
	NULL,
	NULL,
	NULL,
	NULL,
	NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING
};
typedef struct {
	int count; //count
} ngx_http_pagecount_node_t;
typedef struct {
	ngx_rbtree_t rbtree;
	ngx_rbtree_node_t sentinel;
	
} ngx_http_pagecount_shm_t;
// 共享内存结构体
typedef struct
{
    ssize_t shmsize;
 
    ngx_slab_pool_t *shpool;// 互斥锁
 
    ngx_http_pagecount_shm_t *sh;
} ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t;
// 共享内存初始化
ngx_int_t ngx_http_pagecount_shm_init (ngx_shm_zone_t *zone, void *data) {
	ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t *conf;
	ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t *oconf = data;
	conf = (ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t*)zone->data;
	if (oconf) {
		conf->sh = oconf->sh;
		conf->shpool = oconf->shpool;
		return NGX_OK;
	}
	//printf("ngx_http_pagecount_shm_init 0000\n");
	
	// 初始化锁
	conf->shpool = (ngx_slab_pool_t*)zone->shm.addr;
	conf->sh = ngx_slab_alloc(conf->shpool, sizeof(ngx_http_pagecount_shm_t));
	if (conf->sh == NULL) {
		return NGX_ERROR;
	}
	conf->shpool->data = conf->sh;
	//printf("ngx_http_pagecount_shm_init 1111\n");
	
	// 共享内存创建完之后初始化红黑树,
	// 要提供插入函数
	ngx_rbtree_init(&conf->sh->rbtree, &conf->sh->sentinel, 
		ngx_http_pagecount_rbtree_insert_value);
	return NGX_OK;
}
static char *ngx_http_pagecount_set(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf) {
	ngx_shm_zone_t *shm_zone;
	ngx_str_t name = ngx_string("pagecount_slab_shm");
	ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t *mconf = (ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t*)conf;
	ngx_http_core_loc_conf_t *corecf;
	
	//ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cf->log, ngx_errno, "ngx_http_pagecount_set000");
	
	// 设置共享内存的大小
	mconf->shmsize = 1024*1024;
	
	shm_zone = ngx_shared_memory_add(cf, &name, mconf->shmsize, &ngx_http_pagecount_module);
	if (NULL == shm_zone) {
		return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
	}
	
	shm_zone->init = ngx_http_pagecount_shm_init;
	shm_zone->data = mconf;
	corecf = ngx_http_conf_get_module_loc_conf(cf, ngx_http_core_module);
	// 计数统计主函数
	corecf->handler = ngx_http_pagecount_handler;
	return NGX_CONF_OK;
}
ngx_int_t   ngx_http_pagecount_init(ngx_conf_t *cf) {
	return NGX_OK;
}
// conf文件解析到location时进入此函数。
// 此函数为模块创建所需要的结构体, 后面会使用。
void  *ngx_http_pagecount_create_location_conf(ngx_conf_t *cf) {
	ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t *conf;
	
	// 共享内存的结构体
	conf = ngx_palloc(cf->pool, sizeof(ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t));
	if (NULL == conf) {
		return NULL;
	}
	// 初始化共享内存的大小
	conf->shmsize = 0;
	//ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cf->log, ngx_errno, "ngx_http_pagecount_create_location_conf");
	// init conf data
	// ... 
	return conf;
}
// 红黑树的插入函数
static void
ngx_http_pagecount_rbtree_insert_value(ngx_rbtree_node_t *temp,
        ngx_rbtree_node_t *node, ngx_rbtree_node_t *sentinel)
{
   ngx_rbtree_node_t **p;
   //ngx_http_testslab_node_t *lrn, *lrnt;
 
    for (;;)
    {
        if (node->key < temp->key)
        {
            p = &temp->left;
        }
        else if (node->key > temp->key) {
           	p = &temp->right;
        }
        else
        {
          	return ;
        }
		// 没有找到,直接返回
        if (*p == sentinel)
        {
            break;
        }
 
        temp = *p;
    }
 
    *p = node;
 
    node->parent = temp;
    node->left = sentinel;
    node->right = sentinel;
    ngx_rbt_red(node);
}
// 查找IP和访问计数统计
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_pagecount_lookup(ngx_http_request_t *r, ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t *conf, ngx_uint_t key) {
	ngx_rbtree_node_t *node, *sentinel;
	node = conf->sh->rbtree.root;
	sentinel = conf->sh->rbtree.sentinel;
	ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, r->connection->log, ngx_errno, " ngx_http_pagecount_lookup 111 --> %x\n", key);
	
	while (node != sentinel) {
		if (key < node->key) {
			node = node->left;
			continue;
		} else if (key > node->key) {
			node = node->right;
			continue;
		} else { // key == node
			node->data ++;
			return NGX_OK;
		}
	}
	
	ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, r->connection->log, ngx_errno, " ngx_http_pagecount_lookup 222 --> %x\n", key);
	
	// insert rbtree
	
	
	node = ngx_slab_alloc_locked(conf->shpool, sizeof(ngx_rbtree_node_t));
	if (NULL == node) {
		return NGX_ERROR;
	}
	node->key = key;
	node->data = 1;
	ngx_rbtree_insert(&conf->sh->rbtree, node);
	ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, r->connection->log, ngx_errno, " insert success\n");
	
	return NGX_OK;
}
static int ngx_encode_http_page_rb(ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t *conf, char *html) {
	sprintf(html, "<h1>Source Insight </h1>");
	strcat(html, "<h2>");
	//ngx_rbtree_traversal(&ngx_pv_tree, ngx_pv_tree.root, ngx_http_count_rbtree_iterator, html);
	ngx_rbtree_node_t *node = ngx_rbtree_min(conf->sh->rbtree.root, conf->sh->rbtree.sentinel);
	do {
		char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN] = {0};
		char buffer[128] = {0};
		sprintf(buffer, "req from : %s, count: %d <br/>",
			inet_ntop(AF_INET, &node->key, str, sizeof(str)), node->data);
		strcat(html, buffer);
		node = ngx_rbtree_next(&conf->sh->rbtree, node);
	} while (node);
	
	strcat(html, "</h2>");
	return NGX_OK;
}
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_pagecount_handler(ngx_http_request_t *r) {
	u_char html[1024] = {0};
	int len = sizeof(html);
	
	ngx_rbtree_key_t key = 0;
	struct sockaddr_in *client_addr =  (struct sockaddr_in*)r->connection->sockaddr;
	
	ngx_http_pagecount_conf_t *conf = ngx_http_get_module_loc_conf(r, ngx_http_pagecount_module);
	key = (ngx_rbtree_key_t)client_addr->sin_addr.s_addr;
	ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, r->connection->log, ngx_errno, " ngx_http_pagecount_handler --> %x\n", key);
	ngx_shmtx_lock(&conf->shpool->mutex);
	ngx_http_pagecount_lookup(r, conf, key);	
	ngx_shmtx_unlock(&conf->shpool->mutex);
	
	ngx_encode_http_page_rb(conf, (char*)html);
	//header
	r->headers_out.status = 200;
	ngx_str_set(&r->headers_out.content_type, "text/html");
	ngx_http_send_header(r);
	//body
	ngx_buf_t *b = ngx_pcalloc(r->pool,  sizeof(ngx_buf_t));
	ngx_chain_t out;
	out.buf = b;
	out.next = NULL;
	b->pos = html;
	b->last = html+len;
	b->memory = 1;
	b->last_buf = 1;
	return ngx_http_output_filter(r, &out);
	
	
}
2.2、编写config文件
创建:
touch config
内容:
ngx_addon_name=ngx_http_pagecount_module
HTTP_MODULES="$HTTP_MODULES ngx_http_pagecount_module"
NGX_ADDON_SRCS="$NGX_ADDON_SRCS $ngx_addon_dir/ngx_http_pagecount_module.c"
注意,config文件要和模块的代码在相同目录。
2.3、编译模块到Nginx源码中
(1)配置中添加模块:
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module 
--with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_stub_status_module 
--with-stream --with-pcre=/home/fly/workspace/pcre-8.41 --with-zlib=/home/fly/workspace/zlib-1.2.11 
--with-openssl=/home/fly/workspace/openssl-1.1.0g 
--add-module=/mnt/hgfs/sourcecode_learning/nginx-module/ngx_http_pagecount_module
注意模块路径要正确。出现如下表示成功:
configuring additional modules
adding module in /mnt/hgfs/sourcecode_learning/nginx-module/ngx_http_pagecount_module
 + ngx_http_pagecount_module was configured
creating objs/Makefile
(2)编译安装:
make && sudo make install
2.4、修改conf文件
编译安装完成后,conf文件添加count;
worker_processes 4;
events {
	worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
	upstream backend {
		server 192.168.7.146:8889;
		server 192.168.7.146:8890;
	}
	server {
		listen 8888;
		location / {
			proxy_pass http://backend;
		}
	}
	server {
                listen 8889;
		location / {
			count;
		}
       }
	server {
                listen 8890;
        }
	server {
                listen 8891;
        }
}
2.5、执行效果
关闭已启动的nginx:
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
启动nginx:
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/fly.conf 
在网页输入IP和端口,执行效果如下:
 
总结
- 实现一个基于Nginx的IP统计或访问流量统计,可以借鉴以上代码;只要做一些业务上的修改就可以直接使用。可能需改动的地方就是红黑树的key、value的数据结构,以及ngx_encode_http_page_rb函数的业务代码,其他可以基本不用改动就可以二次开发。
- Nginx需要熟悉的数据结构:内存池、queue、list、array、shmem等。同时需要清楚Nginx的11个状态。
- 在实际应用中,需要掌握Nginx的conf文件配置(https的配置、负载均衡的配置、反向代理、CPU亲缘性配置等)以及模块开发(filter、handler等)。



















