前言，这里用的是springboot+vue前后端分离

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首先我们把需要下载的文件放入到resource目录下面

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@RestController
@RequestMapping("/excelDown")
@Slf4j
public class InvestExcelDownController {

    //下载模板
    @PostMapping("/download")
    public void downloadFile(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        System.out.println("进入了下载模板");
        String filePath = "你的文件路径"; // 文件路径
        File file = new File(filePath);
        if (file.exists()) {
            response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
            response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + file.getName());
            try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                 OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream()) {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0) {
                    outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

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接下来是后端的编写，下面是常用到的相对路径下载

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       System.out.println("进入了下载模板");
        File file = ResourceUtils.getFile("classpath:ExcelDownTemplate/文件名");// 文件路径

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       <div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
          <el-link type="info" style="font-size:12px" @click="importTemplate">下载对应模板</el-link>
          <el-button type="primary" @click="submitFileForm">确 定</el-button>
          <el-button @click="upload.open = false">取 消</el-button>
        </div>

触发点击事件，路径对应上即可下载

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importTemplate(){

  console.log("下载开始")
  this.download('excelDown/download', {
    ...this.queryParams
  }, `模板${new Date().getTime()}.xlsx`)

}

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 效果如下，点击下载，就会自动去下载设置好的文件

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